This monograph contains six chapters, each describing a recent advancement in animal science and zoology. Chapter One discusses the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations registered 36.6 Mio Old World camelids (dromedaries and Bactrian camels) worldwide of which 1.42 Mio are in countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Chapter Two explores the piggery sector is one of the prime occupations for the poor and marginal farmers of developing countries. Most of the pig husbandry in the developing countries is mainly dependent on a backyard system where the use of indiscriminate antibiotics cannot be obsoleted. Chapter Three authors' discussed about musculature of the Drosophila and then about the various behavioural traits which are studied by related behavioural assays and are utilized to assess and isolate the muscle mutants wherein the proper formation and functioning of the muscles have been hampered during the biphasic muscle development. Chapter Four studied hemiptera is the most speciose order of the hemimetabolous insects with four suborders. One of them is the Auchenorrhyncha, which comprises of two infraorders, the Fulgomorpha and Cicadomorpha, with the latter as the subject of the current study. Chapter Five studied that aphids can be severe pests of crop plants. Aphids have such high reproductive potential and a short development time, which can quickly lead to the development of resistance to a wide assortment of insecticides. Chapter Six demonstrate an interplay between phylogenetic conservatism, behavioural flexibility, and ecological opportunity in shaping species richness and functional diversity from regional avifaunas to local communities. Chapter Seven studies carried out in the world and in our country have revealed that Aphids (Aphidoidea) belonging to suborder of the Sterrnorhynca (Hemiptera) are among the most common and harmful insect groups in cultivated and uncultivated plants. Finally, Chapter Eight reviews matching to sample (MTS) is an experimental task for assessing the ability of non-verbal organisms to categorise stimuli. Successful performance indicates the ability to perceive relations between a sample and comparison stimuli.