Nanomaterials are the study of how materials behave when their dimensions are reduced to the nanoscale. It can also refer to the materials themselves that are used in nanotechnology. Materials reduced to the nanoscale can suddenly show very different properties compared to what they exhibit on a macroscale, enabling unique applications. The book offers scopes that have potential for applications in several disciplines of nano materials. Each chapter ranges from new methods to novel applications of existing methods to gain understanding of the material and/or structural behaviour of new and advanced systems. In view of the different background of the expected audience, readers are requested to focus on the main ideas, and to highlight as much as possible the specific advantages that arise from applying modern ideas. A chapter may therefore be motivated by the specific problem, but just as well by the advanced method used which may be more generally applicable.The collection of topics in this second volume of the book reflects the diversity of recent advances in nanofibres with a broad perspective which will be practical for scientists as well as graduate students and engineers.