The aim of the thesis was to penetrate an entirely new subject therefore much work remains yet to be done. Further studies on reproducibility and possible control of pore size by preparative techniques used are needed. Similarly, little is known at present about technological viability of the proposed filters as air cleaning media, runnability studies under various operational conditions are required. Other possible applications may emerge including diagnostic applications in pulmonology and other medical sciences, which would also require investigation. Last but not least better model to describe filtration in composite random - fractal solids is required. This research is the most important scientific research that used the silica aerogel for producing filters for removal of nanometric airborne particles such as bacteria, viruses and other harmful particles.