When this book was published in Japanese in 1982 it was awarded the prestigious Jiro Osaragi Prize. It is an important contribution to the understanding of the mental and spiritual world of Japan just over two generations ago. The author argues that just as the period of isolation up to the middle of the 19^th century was crucial for Japan’s development, so the Second World War represented another crucial period for the country. These years were a period of intellectual isolation during which significant development took place.