Thisbook focuses on the recent results of the research project funded by aGrant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) of the Japan Society for the Promotionof Science (No. 23226017) from FY 2011 to FY 2015 on an autonomous spilled oiland gas tracking buoy system and its applications to marine disaster preventionsystems from a scientific point of view. This book spotlights research onmarine disaster prevention systems related to incidents involving oil tankersand offshore platforms, approaching these problems from new scientific andtechnological perspectives. The most essential aspect of this book is the developmentof a deep-sea underwater robot for real-time monitoring of blowout behavior ofoil and gas from the seabed and of a new type of autonomous surface vehicle forreal-time tracking and monitoring of oil spill spread and drift on the seasurface using an oil sensor. The mission of these robots is to provide thesimulation models for gas and oil blowouts or spilled oil drifting on the seasurface with measured data for more precision of predictions of oil and gasbehavior.