Arterial Grafting for Myocardial Revascularization: Indications, Surgical Techniques and Results

1 Introduction.- 2 Myocardial Revascularization and the Internal Mammary Artery.- 2.1 History of Myocardial Revascularization.- 2.2 Indications for Surgical Coronary Artery Revascularization Today.- 2.3 Early and Late Results of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Attrition of Saphenous Vein Grafts.- 3 Anatomy of the Internal Mammary Artery.- 3.1 Normal Anatomy.- 3.2 Anatomical Variations.- 4 Pathology of the Internal Mammary Artery and the Subclavian Artery.- 4.1 Angiographic Studies.- 4.2 Microscopic Studies.- 5 Experimental Studies.- 5.1 Flow Studies in Animals.- 5.2 Physiological and Pathophysiological Basis for the Superiority of Internal Mammary Artery Grafts in Comparison to Saphenous Vein Grafts.- 5.3 Expanded Use of the Internal Mammary Artery.- 5.4 Alternative Grafts for Coronary Artery Revascularization.- 6 Clinical Studies.- 6.1 Flow Studies in Humans.- 6.2 Expanded Use of the Internal Mammary Artery in Clinical Coronary Artery Revascularization.- 7 Clinical Application of Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.- 7.1 Indications for Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.- 7.2 Contraindications for Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.- 7.3 Surgical Techniques of Clinical Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.- 8 Results of Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.- 8.1 Early Results.- 8.2 Medium-Term Results of Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Grafting.- 8.3 Late Results of Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Grafting.- 9 Complications of Internal Mammary Artery Grafting.- 9.1 Inadequate Flow After Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Revascularization.- 9.2 Spasms After Coronary Artery Revascularization.- 9.3 MechanicalCirculatory Support After Internal Mammary Coronary Artery Grafting.- 9.4 Sternal Infections Following Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Grafting.- 9.5 Other Complications After Internal Mammary Artery Grafting.- 10 Long Term Follow-up After Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Revascularization.- 10.1 Freedom From Reinfarction After Coronary Artery Revascularization.- 10.2 Objective Assessment of the Results of Internal Mammary Artery — Coronary Artery Revascularization.- 10.3 Late Patency Rates of Internal Mammary Artery Grafts.- 11 Redo Coronary Artery Revascularization After Internal Mammary Artery Grafting.- 11.1 Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty After Internal Mammary Artery Grafting.- 11.2 Reoperation After Internal Mammary Artery Grafting.- 12 Conclusion.- References.- Suppliers of Material.