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Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Ethanol: Volume 2

Editat de Edward Majchrowicz
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 18 mar 2012
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism represents one of the major health, social, and economic issues facing not only America but much of the world. Problems with alcohol appear to be a common curse, afflicting almost all industrialized nations as well as the developing countries. at least 10 million people suffer the misuse. It is In the United States today of estimated that 205,000 individuals die prematurely each year from a variety ethanol-induced factors, including cirrhosis, cancer, heart disease, suicide, homi­ cide, and highway fatalities and other accidents. In purely economic terms, the alcohol-related cost to our society in 1975 is estimated at nearly $43 billion in lost production, medical expenses, motor vehicle accidents, fire losses, and the maintenance of social mechanisms to deal with these problems. But the economic impact pales in comparision with the psychological pain and anguish brought to alcoholics and their family and friends. The disease of alcoholism bears a close relation to the topic of our dedication, for it is equally insidious and sadistic, it destroys humanity and rational thought, and it brings terror, pain, and death.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781468434521
ISBN-10: 1468434527
Pagini: 604
Ilustrații: XXVIII, 572 p. 6 illus.
Dimensiuni: 178 x 254 x 32 mm
Greutate: 1.03 kg
Ediția:Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1979
Editura: Springer Us
Colecția Springer
Locul publicării:New York, NY, United States

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Research

Descriere

Alcohol abuse and alcoholism represents one of the major health, social, and economic issues facing not only America but much of the world. Problems with alcohol appear to be a common curse, afflicting almost all industrialized nations as well as the developing countries. at least 10 million people suffer the misuse. It is In the United States today of estimated that 205,000 individuals die prematurely each year from a variety ethanol-induced factors, including cirrhosis, cancer, heart disease, suicide, homi­ cide, and highway fatalities and other accidents. In purely economic terms, the alcohol-related cost to our society in 1975 is estimated at nearly $43 billion in lost production, medical expenses, motor vehicle accidents, fire losses, and the maintenance of social mechanisms to deal with these problems. But the economic impact pales in comparision with the psychological pain and anguish brought to alcoholics and their family and friends. The disease of alcoholism bears a close relation to the topic of our dedication, for it is equally insidious and sadistic, it destroys humanity and rational thought, and it brings terror, pain, and death.

Cuprins

VII. Ethanol and Electrolyte Metabolism.- 1 Water and Electrolyte Metabolism following Ethanol Intake and during Acute Withdrawal from Ethanol.- A. Introduction—Historical Perspective.- B. Acute Ethanol Intake.- C. Chronic Ethanol Intake.- D. Acute Withdrawal from Ethanol.- E. Summary and Conclusions.- F. References.- 2 Acid-Base Balance following Ethanol Intake and during Acute Withdrawal from Ethanol.- A. Introduction.- B. Effects of a Single Ethanol Dose.- C. Effects of “Binge” Drinking on Ketoacidosis.- D. Chronic Intake and Withdrawal.- E. Summary and Conclusions.- F. References.- 3 Metabolism of Calcium and Magnesium during Ethanol Intoxication and Withdrawal.- A. Introduction.- B. Calcium Absorption and Excretion during Ethanol Intoxication and Withdrawal.- C. Magnesium Absorption and Excretion during Ethanol Intoxication and Withdrawal.- D. Magnesium and Calcium Administration during Ethanol Withdrawal.- E. Interaction of Calcium with Membranes: Alteration by Ethanol.- F. Effect of Alcohols on Brain Calcium.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- VIII. Influence of Ethanol on Biological Membranes.- 4 Effects of Ethanol on Membrane Transport.- A. Introduction.- B. Effects of Ethanol on Membrane Transport in Gastrointestinal Tissues.- C. Effects of Ethanol on Active Transport in Frog Skin.- D. Ethanol and Membrane Transport in Other Tissues.- E. Concluding Remarks.- F. Summary.- G. References.- 5 Changes in the Activity of Na+,K+-ATPase during Acute and Chronic Administration of Ethanol.- A. Introduction.- B. Na+,K+-ATPase: Properties.- C. Activity in Vitro.- D. Activity after Acute Ethanol Administration.- E. Activity after Chronic Ethanol Administration.- F. Other Tissues.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- 6 Biochemical and Biophysical Approaches in the Study of Ethanol- Membrane Interaction.- A. Introduction.- B. Physical Approaches.- C. Membrane Perturbation and Protein Conformation.- D. Biochemical Approaches.- E. Summary and Conclusions.- F. References.- 7 Ethanol and the Blood-Brain Barrier.- A. Introduction.- B. Structural Barriers.- C. Functional Barriers and Ethanol Effects.- D. Summary and Conclusions.- E. References.- IX. Interaction of Ethanol with Hormonal Functions.- 8 Effects of Acute and Chronic Administration of Ethanol on Cyclic Nucleotides and Related Systems.- A. Introduction.- B. Ethanol and Cyclic Nucleotides in the Nervous System.- C. Ethanol and Cyclic Nucleotides in the Stomach.- D. Ethanol and Cyclic Nucleotides in Other Tissues.- E. Summary and Conclusions.- F. References.- 9 Interactions of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Somatostatin with Ethanol and Other Sedative/Hypnotics.- A. Introduction.- B. Interactions of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone with Ethanol and Other Sedative/Hypnotics.- C. Possible Mechanism(s) of Action(s) of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Central Nervous System.- D. Effect of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone on Ethanol Withdrawal Syndrome.- E. Interactions of Somatostatin with Ethanol and Other Sedative/Hypnotics.- F. Possible Mechanism(s) of Action(s) of Somatostatin in the Central Nervous System.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- 10 Ethanol and Endocrine Function.- A. Introduction.- B. Endocrine Hormones of Water and Electrolyte Balance and Metabolism.- C. Endocrine Hormones of Energy Balance and Metabolism.- D. Endocrine Hormones of Reproductive Processes.- E. Discussion.- F. Conclusions.- G. References.- X. Interaction of Ethanol with Neurotransmitters.- 11 Alterations in Neurotransmitter Function after Acute and Chronic Treatment with Ethanol.- A. Introduction.- B. Importance of Experimental Design.- C. Catecholamines.- D. Serotonin.- E. Shift in the Metabolism of Biogenic Amines.- F. ?-Aminobutyric Acid.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- 12 Comparison between the Effects of Ethanol and Those of Opioid Drugs on the Metabolism of Biogenic Amines.- A. Introduction.- B. Comparative Studies of Actions of Morphine and Ethanol.- C. Effects on the Steady-State Levels of Biogenic Amines.- D. Turnover of Biogenic Amines.- E. Acid Metabolites of Biogenic Amines.- F. Acetaldehyde, Biogenic Amines, and Their Condensation Products.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- 13 Genetics of Ethanol Preference: Role of Neurotransmitters.- A. Introduction.- B. Methods of Assessing Ethanol Preference.- C. Genetic Effects on Ethanol Preference.- D. Metabolism and Ethanol Preference.- E. Serotonin and Ethanol Preference.- F. Other Neurotransmitters and Ethanol Preference.- G. Melatonin and Ethanol Preference.- H. Role of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and ß-Carbolines in Ethanol Preference.- I. Summary and Conclusions.- J. References.- 14 Effects of Ethanol on the Cholinergic System.- A. Introduction.- B. Cholinergic Transmission and Metabolism of Acetylcholine.- C. Effects of Ethanol on Cholinergic Transmission.- D. Effect of Ethanol on Acetylcholine Concentrations.- E. Action of Ethanol on Acetylcholine Synthesis.- F. Action of Ethanol on Acetylcholine Degradation.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- XI. Ethanol and Neuronal Electrophysiology.- 15 Effects of Ethanol on Nerve Impulse Activity.- A. Introduction.- B. Effects on Peripheral Nervous System.- C. Effects on Central Nervous System.- D. Underexploited Areas of Research.- E. Summary and Conclusions.- F. References.- 16 Tolerance to a Specific Synaptic Effect of Ethanol in Aplysia.- A. Introduction.- B. Modifiable Synaptic Transmission in Aplysia.- C. Ethanol Accelerates the Decay of Posttetanic Potentiation.- D. Membrane Fluidity Implicated in the Regulation of Decay of Posttetanic Potentiation.- E. Tolerance to Ethanol as an Adaptive Response to a Perturbation in Membrane Fluidity.- F. Summary and Conclusions.- G. References.- XII. Interaction of Ethanol with Drugs.- 17 Interaction of Ethanol with Other Drugs.- A. Introduction.- B. Depressants.- C. Tranquilizers.- D. Stimulants and Antidepressants.- E. Other Agents.- F. Neurotransmitters.- G. Metabolic Interactions.- H. Activation of Acetaldehyde Oxidation by Drugs.- I. Factors Influencing Ethanol-Drug Interactions.- J. Summary and Conclusions.- K. References.- 18 Biochemical Pharmacology of Pyrazoles.- A. Introduction.- B. Pharmacodynamics.- C. Effects of Pyrazoles on Alcohol Dehydrogenase.- D. Other Effects of Pyrazoles.- E. Pyrazoles as Research Tools.- F. Summary and Conclusions.- G. References.- 19 Biochemical Pharmacology of Disulfiram.- A. Introduction.- B. Chemistry.- C. Analytical Methods.- D. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.- E. Biochemical and Pharmacological Effects.- F. Disulfiram-Ethanol Reaction.- G. Drugs Reported to Induce a Disulfiramlike Ethanol Reaction.- H. Disulfiram Toxicity and Side Effects.- I. Dosage.- J. Disulfiram Implantation.- K. Patient Compliance.- L. Risk/Benefit.- M. Summary and Conclusions.- N. References.- 20 Amethystic Agents: Reversal of Acute Ethanol Intoxication in Humans.- A. Introduction.- B. Characteristics of an Ideal Amethystic Agent.- C. Reversing Ethanol’s Effects.- D. Summary and Conclusions.- E. References.- 21 Drug Therapy of the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.- A. Introduction.- B. Etiology.- C. Treatment Strategies.- D. Patient Populations.- E. Specific Treatments.- F. Perspectives for Future Research.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- XIII. Physiology, Behavior, and Animal Models of Alcohol Dependence.- 22 Ethanol-Induced Changes in Body Temperature and Their Neurochemical Consequences.- A. Introduction.- B. Physiological Principles of Temperature Regulation.- C. Effects of Drugs on Body Temperature Regulation.- D. Effects of Ethanol on Body Temperature Regulation.- E. Neurochemical Consequences of Hypothermia.- F. Summary and Conclusions.- G. References.- 23 Interrelationship between Ethanol Consumption and Circadian Rhythm.- A. Introduction.- B. Ethanol Preference in the Rat as a Function of Photoperiod: Effects of Alteration of Light-Dark Cycle, Melatonin Administration, and Pinealectomy.- C. Alteration of Ethanol Preference in Hamsters: Effects of Changes in Photoperiod and Pinealectomy.- D. Extension of Preceding Studies to Implicate Neurotransmitter Involvement.- E. Relationship between Ethanol Preference and Brain Chemistry: Alterations Produced by ß-Carbolines and Related Indole Derivatives.- F. Summary and Conclusions.- G. References.- 24 Pharmacologic and Electrophysiologic Effects of Ethanol in Relation to Sleep.- A. Introduction.- B. Physiology of Sleep.- C. Neurotransmitters and Sleep.- D. Ethanol and Sleep.- E. Possible Relationships of REM Sleep Phenomena to Ethanol Dependence.- F. Ethanol, Neurotransmitters, and Sleep.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- 25 Clinical Pharmacology of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.- A. Introduction.- B. Historical Survey and Clincal Description of Syndrome.- C. Prospective Studies.- D. Experimental Models of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.- E. Mechanisms of Ethanol’s Effects on the Maternal-Placental-Fetal System.- F. Research on Prevention.- G. Summary and Conclusions.- H. References.- 26 Behavioral Manifestations of Ethanol Intoxication and Physical Dependence.- A. Introduction.- B. Intoxication.- C. Different Types of Learning.- D. Physical Dependence.- E. Summary and Conclusions.- F. References.- 27 A Critique of Animal Analogues of Alcoholism.- A. Introduction.- B. Evaluation of Animal Analogues.- C. Summary and Conclusions.- D. References.