Biopolymers are polymers that occur in nature. Carbohydrates and proteins, for example, are biopolymers. Many biopolymers are already being produced commercially on large scales, although they usually are not used for the production of plastics. Even if only a small percentage of the biopolymers already being produced were used in the production of plastics, it would significantly decrease our dependence on manufactured, non-renewable resources. These polymers have been present on earth for billions of years. It is older than synthetic polymers such as plastics. The DNA biopolymer is the most important for humans. The entire body structure as well as genetic behaviors that pass from parents to children is based on it. Both DNA and RNA are composed of nucleic acids that alternate in definite patterns to encode huge amount of genetic data. The most common biopolymer is Cellulose. It is also the most abundant organic compound on this planet. It comprises of 33% of all plant component on Earth. These polymers play an essential role in nature. They are extremely useful in performing functions like storage of energy, preservation and transmittance of genetic information and cellular construction. Biotechnology of Biopolymers deals with occurrence, synthesis, isolation and production, properties and applications, biodegradation and modification, the relevant analysis methods to disclose the structures and properties of biopolymers, experimental and mathematical models of biopolymers. This book will hopefully be compassionate to many scientists, physicians, pharmaceutics, engineers and other professionals in a wide variety of different disciplines, in academia and in industry.