Biotechnology is the technology based on biology which involves living systems and life forms that are interdependent on each other to create items using some mechanical application. It is based on the basic biological sciences such as molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry and genetics. The most important applications of biotechnology are nutrient supplementation, abiotic stress resistance, strength fibers, healthcare, food processing, and fuel from waste. It covers the fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, bio-manufacturing, and molecular engineering. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of biotechnology. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in it. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about biotechnology.