Chemical Mutagens de Frederick J. De Serr

Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection Volume 9

Frederick J. De Serr

A. Hollaender

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 13 oct 2011

Volume 8 of Chemical Mutagens covers a wide range of topics in this continuously changing field. This volume includes chapters on the detection of genetic damage in mammalian sperm both at specific loci and over the entire genome. The discussion of in vitro techniques for working with mammalian cells covers not only specific locus assays but also cellular activation systems. Another chapter extensively discusses the need for a revised protocol for the micronucleus assay. Structure activity relationships are investigated in a chapter dealing with hair dye constituents. One of the most comprehensive chapters deals with problems associated with the detection of mutagenic effects in defined human populations. Finally, there is a detailed presentation of a comprehensive study tabulating the genetic bioassay data on some known or suspected human carcinogens. In keeping with our policy of publishing important legislation in the area of chemical mutagens, we have also included the Council of the European Communities Directive of 18 September 1979. Frederick J. de Serres Research Triangle Park, North Carolina vii Contents Chapter 1 Detection of Effects of Mutagens in Human Populations George R. Hoffmann 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Monitoring Progeny for Evidence of Germ-Cell Mutations. . . . . 3 2. 1. The Classical Approach: Phenotypic Monitoring . . . . . . . 3 2. 2. Monitoring for Changes in Gene Products . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. Detection of Gene Mutations in Somatic Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. 1. Drug-Resistant Lymphocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. 2. Hemoglobin Variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4. Nongenetic Indicators of Mutagen Exposure .. . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4. 1. Alkylation of Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4. 2. DNA Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Preț

Express

Paperback (3)

367^.43 lei 6-8 săpt.

Springer Us – 30 noi 2011

367^.43 lei 6-8 săpt.

Springer Us – 13 oct 2011

382^.39 lei 6-8 săpt.

Springer Us – 13 oct 2011

393^.78 lei 6-8 săpt.

Cuprins

1 Chemical Mutagens and Sister-Chromatid Exchange.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sister-Chromatid Exchange as a Measure of Chromosome Damage.- 3. Systems and Methods t2.- 4. Summary.- 5. References.- 2 Modification of Mutagenic Activity.- 1. Introduction. 41 2. Factors That Influence Metabolic Activation t2.- 3The Detection of Chemical Mutagens/Carcinogens by DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Liver Cultures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Types of Chemical Carcinogens.- 3. Metabolic Activation Capability of Liver.- 4. Liver Cultures.- 5. Carcinogen Metabolism in Liver Cultures.- 6. Hepatocyte Primary Culture/DNA Repair Assay.- 7. Mutagenesis of Rat Liver Epithelial Lines.- 8. Hepatocyte-Mediated Mutagenesis of Rat Liver Epithelial Lines.- 9. Discussion.- 10. References.- 4 Commercial Screening of Environmental Chemicals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Transfer of Technology.- 3. Goals of Genetic Toxicology in Chemical Safety Evaluation.- 5. Legal Operation Requirements.- 6. Summary.- 7. References.- 5 Determining the DNA-Modifying Activity of Chemicals Using DNA-Polymerase-Deficient Escherichia coli.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 3. Standard Assay.- 4. Modified Assay.- 5. Microsomal Activation.- 6. Results and Discussion.- 7. Comparison of the Pol A and Salmonella Assays.- 8. References.- 6 Screening of Environmental Chemical Mutagens by the Rec-Assay System with Bacillus subtilis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principles and Related Background of the Rec-Assay.- 3. Experimental Procedures.- 5. Rec-Assays on Chemical Carcinogens.- 7 Transformation of Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells by Diverse Chemicals and Correlation with Their Reported Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Activities.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Mammalian Cell Transformation Systems as Prescreens for Identifying Carcinogens in the Environment.- 3. Hamster Embryo Cell in Vitro Carcinogenesis Bioassay.- 4. Correlation of Transformation Response with Reported Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity.- 5. Metabolic Activation.- 6. A Battery vs. a Tier of Short-Term Tests for Identifying Potentially Carcinogenic Chemicals.- 7. Conclusions.- 8. References.- 8 Chemical Mutagenesis in the Silkworm.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methods for Mutation Detection in the Silkworm.- 3. Procedures for Administration of Chemicals.- 5. Mosaics and Delayed Mutagenesis.- 6. Exploitation of a Sensitive Test System with Oocytes.- 7. Screening of Environmental Mutagenic Compounds.- 8. Modification of Mutagenicity by Metabolic Activation.- 9. Conclusion.- 10. References.- 9 The Use of Short-Term Tests in the Isolation and Identification of Chemical Mutagens in Complex Mixtures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Extraction Methodology.- 3. Mutagenesis Assay Methodology.- 10 Mathematical Analysis of Mutation-Induction Kinetics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definitions.- 3. Stochastic Description of Mutagenesis and Killing.- 4. Formal Dose-Response Patterns.- 5. The Linear Response Pattern (Lk,Lm).- 6. Nonlinear Response Patterns.- 7. Illustrative Calculations of Yield Curves.- 8. Relative Mutagenic Efficiency (RME).- 9. Stochastic Dependence of Mutation and Killing.- 10. Repair-Mediated Mutagenesis.- 11. Concluding Remarks.- 12. Summary.- 13. Appendix t2.- 11 Comparison of the Mutagenic Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation and Chemicals in Normal and DNA-RepairDeficient Human Cells in Culture.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Procedures.- 3. Evidence that Excision Repair Can Eliminate Potentially Cytotoxic and Mutagenic Lesions from DNA.- 12 Gene-Locus Mutation Assays in Diploid Human Lymphoblast Lines.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Exposure.- 4. Selection Systems.- 5. Experimental Observations.- 6. Discussion.- 7. References.- 13 The Need for Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems in Mutagenicity Screening.- 1. Introduction.- 3. Correlations between Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity in Salmonella.- 4. Construction of a Table of 465 Compounds with Known or Suspected Carcinogenic Activity (Table 4).- 5. Discussion of False Negatives from Table 4.- 6. Validation of Salmonella Testing as a Predictor of Carcinogenicity.- 7. Concluding Comments on Mutagenicity Testing.- 8. References.