This book reviews the profound and far-reaching concepts that have arisen from the very significant advances in our understanding of chromatin biology from its structural organization to its inevitable impact on transcription. This book aims to be a comprehensive handbook covering the areas in which the regulation of transcription by chromatin dynamics is important, addressing how the various chromatin modification are involved in various cellular processes like gene expression, DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination and how the chromatin remodeling complexes influences the accessibility of the DNA to cellular transcriptional machinery.