In Antiquity, Christians were victims of different accusations: irrational doctrine and doubtful practices (magic, anthropophagy, ritual murder, sexual debauchery, ass-worship …), atheism (exclusive monotheism) and hatred of humankind (non-adherence to the common values [civil, familial or political]). This study illuminates the causes of the near-permanent conflict that opposed the polytheistic population to christians during the pre-Nicean period and increases our understanding of the way Christianity was interpreted by consciences subjected to the influence of Graeco-Roman culture.