Core Data Services for ABAP: SAP Press Englisch

Renzo Colle is currently responsible for the end-to-end programming model of SAP S/4HANA in the central architecture group. He studied business mathematics at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (https://www.kit.edu/english) and has worked at SAP for more than 25 years in a wide variety of areas and roles. He started his career at SAP as a developer in strategic customer development. In SAP Business ByDesign, he was responsible for logistics and lead architect of the SAP ByDesign platform for cloud applications. As the inventor of the Business Object Processing Framework (BOPF) and lead architect of the ABAP RESTful application programming model, he has worked on model-driven software development and transactional applications for more than 20 years. Further information about Renzo can be found at https://de.linkedin.com/in/renzo-colle-30804ba1/de.

... Preface ... 17

... Structure of the Book ... 19

... Acknowledgments ... 22

1 ... Modeling Your First CDS Views ... 23

1.1 ... Define the Data Model of the Application ... 24

1.2 ... Implement the Data Model of the Application ... 26

1.3 ... Summary ... 52

2 ... Fundamentals of CDS Data Modeling ... 53

2.1 ... Overview of CDS Models ... 54

2.2 ... Overview of CDS View Syntax ... 58

2.3 ... Key Fields ... 61

2.4 ... Cast Operations ... 62

2.5 ... Typed Literals ... 64

2.6 ... Simple Types ... 66

2.7 ... Case Statements ... 68

2.8 ... Session Variables ... 69

2.9 ... Client Handling ... 71

2.10 ... Select Distinct Statements ... 72

2.11 ... Union Views ... 73

2.12 ... Intersect and Except Statements ... 79

2.13 ... Joins ... 81

2.14 ... SQL Aggregation Functions ... 87

2.15 ... Projection Fields ... 89

2.16 ... Parameters ... 91

2.17 ... Reference Fields ... 96

2.18 ... Conversion Functions for Currencies and Quantity Units ... 99

2.19 ... Provider Contracts ... 102

2.20 ... Entity Buffer Definitions ... 104

2.21 ... Summary ... 106

3 ... Associations ... 107

3.1 ... Define Associations ... 108

3.2 ... Expose Associations ... 111

3.3 ... Model Compositional Relations ... 111

3.4 ... Model M:N Relations ... 114

3.5 ... Project Associations ... 117

3.6 ... Use Associations in CDS Views ... 118

3.7 ... Use Associations in ABAP Code ... 129

3.8 ... Summary ... 129

4 ... Annotations ... 131

4.1 ... Annotation Definitions ... 132

4.2 ... Effects of Annotations ... 143

4.3 ... Propagation Logic for Annotations ... 145

4.4 ... Metadata Extensions ... 155

4.5 ... Active Annotations ... 158

4.6 ... Summary ... 160

5 ... Access Controls ... 161

5.1 ... Fundamentals of Access Controls ... 162

5.2 ... Mode of Action of Access Controls ... 166

5.3 ... Implementation Patterns for Access Controls ... 171

5.4 ... Test Access Controls ... 207

5.5 ... Summary ... 210

6 ... Business Services ... 211

6.1 ... Projection Views ... 212

6.2 ... Service Definitions ... 216

6.3 ... Service Bindings ... 221

6.4 ... Testing Business Services ... 230

6.5 ... Summary ... 233

7 ... Native SAP HANA Functions in CDS ... 235

7.1 ... Implementation of a CDS Table Function ... 236

7.2 ... Application Scenarios ... 244

7.3 ... Improve Performance and Avoid Errors ... 245

7.4 ... Summary ... 247

8 ... Modeling Application Data ... 249

8.1 ... Application Architecture in SAP S/4HANA ... 250

8.2 ... Field Labels ... 253

8.3 ... Field Semantics ... 257

8.4 ... Foreign Key Relations ... 262

8.5 ... Text Relations ... 267

8.6 ... Composition Relations ... 270

8.7 ... Time-Dependent Data ... 272

8.8 ... Summary ... 274

9 ... The Virtual Data Model of SAP S/4HANA ... 275

9.1 ... Why a Virtual Data Model? ... 276

9.2 ... SAP Object Types and Object Node Types ... 277

9.3 ... Categories of CDS Entities in the Virtual Data Model ... 280

9.4 ... Naming in the Virtual Data Model ... 285

9.5 ... Basic Interface View for the Sales Order ... 288

9.6 ... Tips for Finding Virtual Data Model Views ... 295

9.7 ... Summary ... 301

10 ... Modeling Analytical Applications ... 303

10.1 ... Analytics in SAP S/4HANA ... 303

10.2 ... Analytical Views ... 305

10.3 ... Analytical Queries ... 325

10.4 ... Analytical Infrastructure ... 356

10.5 ... Summary ... 359

11 ... Modeling Transactional Applications ... 361

11.1 ... Transactional Applications ... 362

11.2 ... Transactional Infrastructure in SAP S/4HANA ... 363

11.3 ... Transactional Object Models ... 366

11.4 ... Behavior Definitions ... 372

11.5 ... Transactional Projection Object Models ... 467

11.6 ... Define Interface Behavior Definition ... 477

11.7 ... Define Projection Behavior Definition ... 484

11.8 ... Runtime Orchestration ... 492

11.9 ... SAP Fiori and OData Consumption ... 498

11.10 ... SAP Event Mesh and Local Event Handlers ... 510

11.11 ... Summary ... 513

12 ... Hierarchies in CDS ... 515

12.1 ... Hierarchy Categories and Basics ... 516

12.2 ... Annotation-Based Parent-Child Hierarchies ... 517

12.3 ... CDS Hierarchies ... 526

12.4 ... Summary ... 548

13 ... CDS-Based Search Functionality ... 549

13.1 ... Modeling Value Helps ... 550

13.2 ... Free-Text Search Functionality in OData Services ... 570

13.3 ... Enterprise Search Functionality ... 578

13.4 ... Summary ... 583

14 ... Lifecycle and Stability ... 585

14.1 ... Stability Contracts ... 586

14.2 ... Lifecycle of Development Objects ... 590

14.3 ... Deprecation of Development Objects ... 592

14.4 ... Use of CDS Models and Supported Capabilities ... 594

14.5 ... Summary ... 598

15 ... Extensions of CDS Views and Other Entities ... 599

15.1 ... Solution Variants and ABAP Language Versions ... 600

15.2 ... Stable CDS Extensions ... 602

15.3 ... Extensions of Transactional Models ... 615

15.4 ... Summary ... 628

16 ... Automated Testing ... 631

16.1 ... Test Logic of Data Selections ... 631

16.2 ... Test Logic of Transactional Applications ... 658

16.3 ... Summary ... 670

17 ... Troubleshooting ... 671

17.1 ... Performance Aspects ... 671

17.2 ... Pitfalls ... 687

17.3 ... Troubleshoot Implementations of CDS Models ... 698

17.4 ... Troubleshoot Activation Issues ... 706

17.5 ... Examine ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model Applications ... 711

17.6 ... Summary ... 714

... Appendices ... 715

A ... CDS Annotation Reference ... 717

B ... Migration to the ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model ... 729

C ... The Authors ... 737

... Index ... 739