Numerous publications have examined the challenges faced by non-native (often Western) academics conducting research in repressive countries. However, discussions of the unique security risks experienced by native scholars seem to be largely absent. Contributors to this edited volume have encountered challenges directly related to their native status, particularly with regard to their gender, race and ethnicity. They have also faced unique legal threats and political red lines, as well as exploitation by collaborators. The book not only addresses this critical gap in the literature but also provides practical guidance for academics planning to conduct fieldwork in their native repressive and/or illiberal states. The practical sections of the book offer research design suggestions and coping strategies for academics at any level, from graduate students through established scholars, for before and during their time in the field.