E–CARGO and Role–Based Collaboration – Modeling and Solving Problems in the Complex World de H Zhu

E–CARGO and Role–Based Collaboration – Modeling and Solving Problems in the Complex World: IEEE Press Series on Systems Science and Engineering

H Zhu

E-CARGO and Role-Based Collaboration A model for collaboratively solving complex problems
E-CARGO and Role-Based Collaboration offers a unique guide that explains the nature of collaboration, explores an easy-to-follow process of collaboration, and defines a model to solve complex problems in collaboration and complex systems. Written by a noted expert on the topic, the book initiates the study of an effective collaborative system from a novel perspective. The role-based collaboration (RBC) methodology investigates the most important aspects of a variety of collaborative systems including societal-technical systems. The models and algorithms can also be applied across system engineering, production, and management.
The RBC methodology provides insights into complex systems through the use of its core model E-CARGO. The E-CARGO model provides the fundamental components, principles, relationships, and structures for specifying the state, process, and evolution of complex systems. This important book:

Contains a set of concepts, models, and algorithms for the analysis, design, implementation, maintenance, and assessment of a complex system
Presents computational methods that use roles as a primary underlying mechanism to facilitate collaborative activities including role assignment
Explores the RBC methodology that concentrates on the aspects that can be handled by individuals to establish a well-formed team
Offers an authoritative book written by a noted expert on the topic

Written for researchers and practitioners dealing with complex problems in collaboration systems and technologies, E-CARGO and Role-Based Collaboration contains a model to solve real world problems with the help of computer-based systems.

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Cuprins

Author Biography xi Preface xiii A Guide to Reading This Book xvii Acknowledgments xix Symbols and Notations (Nomenclature) xxi Part I Backgrounds 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Collaboration and Collaboration Systems 3 1.1.1 Collaboration 4 1.1.2 Collaboration Systems 12 1.2 Collaboration as "Divide and Conquer" 13 1.3 Key Components of Collaboration 16 1.4 The Nature of Collaboration 18 1.5 The Complexity of Collaboration 20 1.6 Collectivism or Individualism 21 1.7 Collaboration and Complex Systems 24 1.7.1 What Are Complex Systems? 24 1.7.2 Examples of Complex Systems 26 1.8 Collaboration and Problem Solving 27 1.9 Summary 29 References 30 Exercises 34 2 Role Concepts 35 2.1 Terminology 35 2.2 Modeling-Roles 40 2.3 Roles in Agent Systems 42 2.4 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) 45 2.5 Roles in CSCW Systems 48 2.6 Roles in Social Psychology and Management 51 2.7 Convergence of Role Concepts 53 2.8 Summary 58 References 60 Exercises 67 Part II Methodologies and Models 69 3 Role-Based Collaboration 71 3.1 Requirements for Role-Based Collaboration 71 3.2 Architecture of an RBC System 74 3.3 The Environment Established by Role-Based Collaboration 76 3.4 The Process of Role-Based Collaboration 79 3.5 Fundamental Principles of RBC 83 3.5.1 Object Principles 84 3.5.2 Agent Principles 85 3.5.3 Role Principles 85 3.5.4 Group Principles 86 3.6 Benefits of Role-Based Collaboration 87 3.6.1 Establish Trust in Collaboration 87 3.6.2 Establish Dynamics 88 3.6.3 Facilitate Interaction 90 3.6.4 Support Adaptation 91 3.6.5 Information Sharing 92 3.6.6 Other Benefits 93 3.7 Summary 93 References 94 Exercises 101 4 The E-CARGO Model 103 4.1 First Class Components 103 4.1.1 Objects and Classes 105 4.1.2 Roles and Environments 107 4.1.3 Agents and Groups 113 4.2 Second Class Components 118 4.2.1 Users or Human Users 118 4.2.2 Message 118 4.2.3 System 120 4.3 Fundamental Relationships in E-CARGO 121 4.3.1 The Relations Among Roles 122 4.3.2 The Relations Between Roles and Agents 129 4.3.3 The Relations Between Agents 130 4.3.4 Properties of an RBC System 132 4.4 Related Work 133 4.5 Summary 135 References 136 Exercises 140 5 Group Role Assignment (GRA) 141 5.1 Role Assignment 141 5.2 A Real-World Problem 142 5.3 Extended Expression of the E-CARGO Model 145 5.4 Group Role Assignment Problems 146 5.4.1 Simple Role Assignment 146 5.4.2 Rated Group Role Assignment 147 5.4.3 Weighted Role Assignment 148 5.5 General Assignment Problem and the K-M Algorithm 148 5.6 Solutions to GRA Problems 152 5.7 Implementation and Performance Analysis 159 5.8 Case Study by Simulation 161 5.9 Related Work 165 5.10 Summary 166 References 168 Exercises 170 6 Group Role Assignment with Constraints (GRA+) 173 6.1 Group Multi-Role Assignment (GMRA) 173 6.1.1 A Real-World Scenario 173 6.1.2 Problem Formalization 175 6.1.3 The CPLEX Solution and Its Performance Experiments 176 6.1.4 Improvement of the CPLEX Solution 177 6.1.5 Comparisons 180 6.2 Group Role Assignment with Conflicting Agents (GRACA) 181 6.2.1 A Real-World Scenario 181 6.2.2 Problem Formalization 183 6.2.3 The Benefits of Avoiding Conflicts 186 6.2.4 GRACAR/G Problems Are Subproblems of an NP-Complete Problem 188 6.2.5 Solutions with CPLEX 194 6.3 Group Role Assignment with Cooperation and Conflict Factors 195 6.3.1 A Real-World Scenario 195 6.3.2 Problem Formalization 196 6.3.3 A Practical Solution 200 6.3.4 Performance Experiments 202 6.3.5 The Benefits 203 6.3.6 Cooperation and Conflict Factor Collection 204 6.4 Related Work 206 6.5 Summary 207 References 208 Exercises 212 7 Group Role Assignment with Multiple Objectives (GRA++) 213 7.1 Group Role Assignment with Budget Constraints (GRABC) 213 7.1.1 A Real-World Scenario 213 7.1.2 Problem Formalization 215 7.1.3 Solutions with an ILP Solver 224 7.1.4 Simulations of GRABC-WS and GRABC-Syn 226 7.1.5 Performance Experiments and Improvements 227 7.1.6 Synthesis 229 7.2 Good at Many Things and Expert in One (GMEO) 229 7.2.1 A Real-World Scenario 231 7.2.2 Problem Formalizations 232 7.2.3 A Solution with CPLEX 235 7.2.4 Performance Experiments and Improvements 237 7.2.5 A Simple Formalization of GMEO with an Efficient Solution 240 7.2.6 A More Efficient Solution for GMEO-1 243 7.3 Related Work 246 7.4 Summary 248 References 249 Exercises 251 Part III Applications 253 8 Solving Engineering Problems with GRA 255 8.1 Group Role Assignment with Agents' Busyness Degrees 255 8.1.1 A Real-World Scenario 256 8.1.2 Problem Formalization 257 8.1.3 Solutions 259 8.1.4 Simulations and Benefits 261 8.2 Group Multi-Role Assignment with Coupled Roles 264 8.2.1 A Real-World Scenario 265 8.2.2 The Problem Specification 267 8.2.3 The Solutions with CPLEX and Initial Results 269 8.2.4 Verification Experiments 270 8.3 Most Economical Redundant Assignment 271 8.3.1 A Real-World Scenario 272 8.3.2 Problem Formalizations 273 8.3.3 A Solution with CPLEX 274 8.3.4 A New Form of the MERA Problem and a More Efficient Solution 277 8.4 Related Work 281 8.5 Summary 283 References 284 Exercises 287 9 Role Transfer 289 9.1 Role Transfer Problems 289 9.2 The M-M Role Transfer Problems 292 9.2.1 M-1 Problem 294 9.2.2 1-M Problem 294 9.2.3 M-M Problem 294 9.3 From M-M RTPs to Role Assignment Problems 297 9.4 Temporal M-M Role Transfer Problems 300 9.4.1 Temporal Transfer with Weak Restriction 300 9.4.2 Temporal Transfer with Strong Restriction 304 9.4.3 A Near-Optimal Solution to SRTP with the Kuhn-Munkres Algorithm 309 9.4.4 Performance Experiments 314 9.5 Role Transfer Tool 315 9.6 Related Work 317 9.7 Summary 318 References 319 Exercises 322 10 More to Investigate 323 10.1 Role Negotiation 323 10.2 Role Specification 324 10.3 Agent Evaluation 324 10.4 Collective Group Role Assignment 327 10.4.1 One-Way Collective Role Assignment 328 10.4.2 Two-Way Collective Role Assignment 329 10.5 Role Engine 330 10.5.1 Role Dynamics 331 10.5.2 Role Interaction 332 10.5.3 Role Presentation 332 10.6 Social Simulation 333 10.7 Adaptive Collaboration 335 10.8 Other Challenges in RBC and E-CARGO 336 10.8.1 Optimizations 338 10.8.2 Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) 338 10.8.3 Multi-Agent Systems 339 10.9 Not the End 339 References 341 Index 349