The studies by Professor Livermore collected in this volume deal with the history and literature of Portugal and Spain in the period from the fifth century Germanic invasion of Roman Spain up to the vision of the Orient in Fernão Mendes Pinto. A prominent interest is the literature of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and its place in the cultural history of the peninsula. Such themes include essays on the circumstances of Santillana's account of literature in his day, the evolution of the Spanish romance in the fifteenth century, and the person and works of Camões. Several other articles examine aspects of Anglo-Portuguese contacts.