Fixers: Agency, Translation, and the Early Global History of Literature
Autor Professor Zrinka Stahuljaken Limba Engleză Paperback – 26 ian 2024
In this book, Zrinka Stahuljak challenges scholars in both medieval and translation studies to rethink how ideas and texts circulated in the medieval world. Whereas many view translators as mere conduits of authorial intention, Stahuljak proposes a new perspective rooted in a term from journalism: the fixer. With this language, Stahuljak captures the diverse, active roles medieval translators and interpreters played as mediators of entire cultures—insider informants, local guides, knowledge brokers, art distributors, and political players. Fixers offers nothing less than a new history of literature, art, translation, and social exchange from the perspective not of the author or state but of the fixer.
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780226830407
ISBN-10: 0226830403
Pagini: 368
Ilustrații: 13 halftones
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.48 kg
Ediția:1
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press
ISBN-10: 0226830403
Pagini: 368
Ilustrații: 13 halftones
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.48 kg
Ediția:1
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press
Notă biografică
Zrinka Stahuljak is professor of comparative literature and French at the University of California, Los Angeles. She is the author of seven books, including, most recently, The Adventures of Gillion de Trazegnies: Chivalry and Romance in the Medieval East.
Cuprins
List of Figures
On Translations and Terminology
Introduction Fixers: Toward an Alternative History of Translation and Literature
Part I. Historical Realities: Strategy, Loyalty, and Gift
One The Politics of Translation: Foreign Language Acquisition, Conversion, and Colonization (Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Crusade Treatises)
Two The Economy of Translation: Missionaries to the Mongol Empire, Pilgrims to the Holy Land, and the Gift of Languages (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries)
Part II. Disciplinary Realities: Authorship, Genre, and Literary History
Three The Ethics of Translation: Loyalty, Commensuration, and Literary Forms in the Fourteenth Century (Machaut, Froissart, Mézières)
Four Fixer Literature: (Pseudo)Translation and Manuscript Illumination (the Fifteenth-Century Court of Burgundy)
Five The Hermeneutics of Translation: Authorship and Genre (the Fifteenth-Century Court of Burgundy)
Conclusion Fixers: Early World Literature in the Age of the Global
Acknowledgments
Appendixes
Notes
Bibliography
Index
On Translations and Terminology
Introduction Fixers: Toward an Alternative History of Translation and Literature
Part I. Historical Realities: Strategy, Loyalty, and Gift
One The Politics of Translation: Foreign Language Acquisition, Conversion, and Colonization (Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Crusade Treatises)
Two The Economy of Translation: Missionaries to the Mongol Empire, Pilgrims to the Holy Land, and the Gift of Languages (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries)
Part II. Disciplinary Realities: Authorship, Genre, and Literary History
Three The Ethics of Translation: Loyalty, Commensuration, and Literary Forms in the Fourteenth Century (Machaut, Froissart, Mézières)
Four Fixer Literature: (Pseudo)Translation and Manuscript Illumination (the Fifteenth-Century Court of Burgundy)
Five The Hermeneutics of Translation: Authorship and Genre (the Fifteenth-Century Court of Burgundy)
Conclusion Fixers: Early World Literature in the Age of the Global
Acknowledgments
Appendixes
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Recenzii
"Fixers is an erudite, ambitious book that synthesizes concepts from medieval studies and modern translation theory, offering salutary reading for students and scholars of both. It offers an exciting lens for reading the work of fixer-travelers and translators across the medieval world – from Chaucer, who worked by day as a customs official and diplomat, to Arabic-language travel writers such as Ibn Fadlan and Ibn Batutta."
“Stahuljak, who used to work as an interpreter in war zones, uses the term [“fixer”] by analogy with the local interpreters-guides-brokers who make it possible for modern journalists to function in alien terrain. She emphasizes that the work they do as interpreters . . . is more creative than we might assume. Medieval writers, readers and travelers understood translation as a dynamic process.”
“[Stahuljak] asks us to rethink medieval translators and all the social and political roles they served beyond simply rendering meaning from one language into another.”
"Medieval European pilgrims, merchants, and missionaries relied on fixers in foreign lands not only for linguistic services, but also for extensive assistance in facilitating communication, mediating situations, wayfinding, and even protection along the way. By exploring the role and meaning of fixers in medieval society, Stahuljak’s goal is nothing less than a paradigm shift through which the study of early global literature can free itself from national and colonial modes of thinking, an ambitious goal that this book goes a long way toward achieving. . . In Fixers, Stahuljak not only elevates a rarely studied aspect of medieval studies to the level of more traditional avenues of inquiry, but also convinces the reader of how investigating this story can at once challenge the basic tenets underlying medieval studies and reveal the relevance of such an approach to understanding the modern phenomenon of globalization."
"A provocative and productive perspective toward how to identify global aspects already in the European Middle Ages."
“In her paradigm-shifting Fixers, Stahuljak boldly rewrites the terms of literary history as we understand it, decentering its national authors and genres to refocus our gaze on a late medieval literature that comes into being by and through its ‘fixers’—worldly translators and emissaries, diplomats, and merchants—whose activities give shape to an early, precolonial world literature. A study that will do no less than force a rethinking of existing accounts of medieval literary production, Fixers is at the same time essential reading for scholars of world literature, translation, and decolonization.”
“In Fixers, Stahuljak provides readers with a provocative and wide-ranging tour of medieval literary encounters and their mediation through multilingual and multicultural knowledge production. By centering the agency and experiences of fixers, she not only opens up new interpretive possibilities for seemingly familiar texts but develops a powerful analytic lens through which to study the multifaceted meanings and contingencies of translation in a medieval world released from the demands of modern agendas."