Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Harriet Ross; 1820 - March 10, 1913) was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made more than thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry, and in the post-war era struggled for women's suffrage. Sarah Hopkins Bradford (1818 - 1912) was an American writer and historian, best known today for her two pioneering biography books on Harriet Tubman. Most of her work consists of children's literature.