This book is written for researchers, undergraduate studentsand postgraduate students, physicians and traditional medicine practitionerswho develop research in the field of neurosciences, phytochemistry andethnopharmacology or can be useful for their practice. Topics discussed includethe description of depression, its biochemical causes, the targets ofantidepressant drugs, animal and cell models commonly used in the research ofthis pathology, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds with antidepressantactivity used in traditional medicine, advances in nanotechnology for drugdelivery to the brain and finally the future challenges for researchersstudying this pathology.