This study investigates horizontal collaboration initiatives of ports and terminals. It includes the identification of drivers, benefits and barriers. Moreover, it examines how collaboration initiatives can be managed effectively.At first a literature review has been conducted. Secondly, an in-depth case study based on semi-structured interviews with several organizations has been carried out. Both have been compared and discussed.The study confirmed several trends and factors of the existing literature, whilst at the same time new factors have been revealed and some factors have been refute.