This book is about a famous Hungarian mathematics competition that was founded in 1894, and thus, the oldest mathematics competition for secondary school students organized on a national scale. This book is based on Volumes III and IV of the Hungarian work by János Surányi, covering the years from 1964 to 1997. Hungary, along with Russia, has a well-deserved reputation for proposing important, instructive, and interesting problems. Here, the reader will find a treasure trove of over 100 of them. The solutions are written carefully, giving all the details, and keeping in mind at all times the overall logical structures of the arguments. An outstanding feature of this book is Part II: Discussion. Here, the problems are divided by topics into six groups. It contains a discussion of the topic in general, followed by the basic results, that precedes the discussions of the individual problems. When a student encounters some difficulty in a problem, this part of the book can be consulted without revealing the complete solution. As an alternative, a student can also start with this part to familiarize with the general topic before attempting any problems. Finally, almost 400 additional problems from the legendary KöMaL (Secondary School Mathematics and Physics Journal) takes the student to mathematical topics beyond competitions.