There is no doubt that Indian higher education has come a long way over the past 30 years. Native enrollment in colleges and universities has more than doubled, and so has the number of degrees earned. Across this Country, there are about 37 tribal colleges and universities serving about 30,000 Native students. However, American Indians are still less likely to attend a four-year institution than other U.S. ethnic groups. Native graduation and persistent rates are also disproportionately low. Precollege factors are a major challenge in Indian higher education. We are not just talking about low scores on college admissions tests or low completion of high school course requirements. We are losing a good portion of Indian students before they graduate from high school. And that has to do with a lack of qualified Native educators, lack of culturally-relevant curriculum, poverty, and family challenges.