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Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law de Barry de Vries

Individual Criminal Responsibility for Autonomous Weapons Systems in International Criminal Law: International Humanitarian Law Series, cartea 65

Autor Barry de Vries
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 29 mar 2023
In this book Barry de Vries addresses the issue of autonomous weapons in international criminal law. The development of autonomous weapon systems is progressing. While the technology advances, attempts to regulate these weapons are not keeping pace. It is therefore likely that these weapons will be developed before a new legal framework is established. Many legal questions still remain and one of the most important ones among them is how individual responsibility will be approached. Barry de Vries therefore considers this issue from a doctrinal international criminal law perspective to determine how the current international criminal law framework will address this topic.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9789004524309
ISBN-10: 9004524304
Pagini: 325
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria International Humanitarian Law Series

Notă biografică

Barry de Vries, is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Public International Law at that the Justus-Liebig University Giessen and an associated researcher at the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt.

Cuprins

1Introduction
1 Ban the Bot?

2 Historical Visions of Autonomy

3 Responsibility for Autonomous Weapon Systems


2Development of Autonomy in Weapon Systems
1 The History of Automation in Weapon Systems

2 Weapon Systems Currently in Use
2.1Mines

2.2Missile Defence Systems

2.3Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

2.4Unmanned Ground Vehicles

2.5Cyber Weapons

2.6Loitering Munitions


3 Likely Future Developments

4 Reasons for the March towards Autonomy

5 Programming
5.1Machine Learning

5.2Artificial Intelligence

5.3‘Strong’ AI

5.4Ethical Governor

5.5Bounded Morality


3Meaning of Autonomy
1 General Notions of Autonomy
1.1Autonomy in Philosophy

1.2Autonomy in Technical Discussions


2 Autonomy Spectra

3 Dimensions of Autonomy in Autonomous Systems
3.1Human-Machine Relation

3.2Sophistication of the Machine

3.4The Type of Decision Being Automated


4 Conclusion


4The Why of International Criminal Justice
1 The History of Individual Criminal Accountability in International Criminal Justice

2 The Proposed Reasons for International Criminal Justice
2.1Retribution

2.2Deterrence

2.3Truth-Telling

2.4Providing Justice for Victims

2.5Facilitation of Peace

2.6The Expressive Effect of International Criminal Justice


3 Conclusion


5AWS Considered as Prohibited Weapons
1 Introduction

2 Weapons Law under International Humanitarian Law
2.1Superfluous Injury or Unnecessary Suffering
2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 History

2.1.3 What Is the Correct English Wording?

2.1.4 What Suffering Is Superfluous or What Injury Is Unnecessary?

2.1.5 Conclusion


2.2Inherently Indiscriminate
2.2.1 Introduction

2.2.2 Which Cannot be Directed

2.2.3 Effects that Cannot be Limited

2.2.4 Conflation between the Law of Targeting and Weapons Law


2.3Conclusion


3 Employing Prohibited Weapons under International Criminal Law
3.1Introduction

3.2A Nature to Cause

3.3Inherently Indiscriminate

3.4Annex

3.5Comprehensive Prohibition

3.6Nullum Crimen

3.7Non-international Armed Conflicts

3.8Amendment Procedure


4 Application to Autonomous Weapons Systems
4.1Introduction

4.2Are AWS of a Nature to Cause Superfluous Injury or Unnecessary Suffering?

4.3Are AWS Inherently Indiscriminate?

4.4What Future Could There Be for AWS under Art. 8(2)(b)(xx) ICC Statute?


5 Conclusion


6AWS Considered as Responsible Actors
1 Introduction

2 General Actus Reus and Mens Rea
2.1Actus Reus

2.2Mens Rea


3Actus Reus and Mens Rea in International Criminal Law
3.1Actus Reus within International Criminal Law

3.2Interpretation of Mens Rea within International Criminal Law


4 AWS and Mens Rea

5 Conclusion


7Commission
1 Introduction

2 Theories of Perpetration

3 Individual Perpetration

4 Co-perpetration

5 Indirect Perpetration
5.1General Indirect Perpetration

5.2Organisationsherrschaft
5.2.1 History of Organisationsherrschaft

5.2.2 Incorporation of Organisationsherrschaft by the ICC

5.2.3 The Interpretation of Organisationsherrschaft by the ICC


5.3Conclusion on Indirect Perpetration


6 Indirect Co-perpetration

7 Commission Through AWS?
7.1Direct Human Involvement

7.2No Direct Human Involvement
7.2.1 Direct Perpetration

7.2.2 Joint Perpetration

7.2.3 Indirect Perpetration


8 Conclusion


8Superior Responsibility
1 Introduction

2 Early History

3 Post-World War II Jurisprudence
3.1Yamashita

3.2International Military Tribunal for the Far East

3.3Western Prosecutions after World War II


4 Additional Protocol I

5 The Ad Hoc Tribunals
5.1The ICTY and ictr Statutes

5.2Superior Responsibility in the Jurisprudence of the ICTY and the ICTR
5.2.1 The Existence of a Superior-Subordinate Relationship

5.2.2 Knew or Had Reason to Know

5.2.3 Failure to Take Necessary and Reasonable Measures

5.2.4 Superior Responsibility of Civilians


5.3The Nature of Superior Responsibility at the Ad Hoc Tribunals

5.4Closing Remarks


6 ICC Statute
6.1Causality

6.2Military Commanders

6.3Civilian Superiors

6.4Nature of Superior Responsibility under Article 28 ICC Statute


7 Applicability of Superior Responsibility to AWS

8 Conclusion


9Conclusion
1 Conclusion

2 Ban the Bot?


Treaties, Conventions & Domestic Legislation

Jurisprudence

Bibliography

Index