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Insurable Interest and the Law

Autor Franziska Arnold-Dwyer
en Limba Engleză Paperback – feb 2022
This book assesses the role of the doctrine of insurable interest within modern insurance law by examining its rationales and suggesting how shortcomings could be fixed.
Over the centuries, English law on insurable interest – a combination of statutes and case law – has become complex and unclear. Other jurisdictions have relaxed, or even abolished, the requirement for an insurable interest. Yet, the UK insurance industry has overwhelmingly supported the retention of the doctrine of insurable interest. This book explores whether the traditional justifications for the doctrine – the policy against wagering, the prevention of moral hazard and the doctrine’s relationship with the indemnity principle – still stand up to scrutiny and argues that, far from being obsolete, they have acquired new significance in the global financial markets and following the liberalisation of gambling. It is also argued that the doctrine of insurable interest is an integral part of a system of insurance contract law rules and market practice. Rather than rejecting the doctrine, the book recommends a recalibration of insurable interest to afford better pre-contractual transparency to a proposer as to the suitability of the policy to his or her interest in the subject-matter to be insured.
Providing a powerful defence for the retention of insurable interest, this book will appeal to both academics and practitioners working in the field of insurance law.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780367499532
ISBN-10: 0367499533
Pagini: 270
Dimensiuni: 156 x 234 x 14 mm
Greutate: 0.39 kg
Ediția:1
Editura: Taylor & Francis
Colecția Routledge
Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

Public țintă

Postgraduate

Cuprins

TABLE OF CONTENTS
  1. Introduction
  • The historical development of the insurable interest requirement
  • Formative period
    Insurable interest under the lex mercatoria and common law
    Wager and wager policies
    Early legislation
    The Marine Insurance Act 1746
    The Life Assurance Act 1774
    Consolidation
    The Gaming Act 1845
    The Marine Insurance Act 1906
    The Gambling Act 2005
  • The legal bases for insurable interest
  • Legal bases
    Marine property
    Non-marine goods
    Buildings and land
    Profit and future income
    Life
    Liability
    Debtor’s property and debtor’s life
    Debt
    Reinsurance
    Timing and consequences of lack of insurable interest
    Marine insurance
    Life insurance
    Non-marine goods, buildings and land, and liability insurance
    Defence of lack of insurable interest
    The courts’ strategies to "lean in favour of an insurable interest"
    The defence of lack of insurable interest and good faith
    Waiver and assignment
    Marine insurance
    Life insurance
    Non-marine property insurance
  • The meaning of insurable interest
  • Property insurance
    The classic definition of insurable interest
    Expanding the meaning of insurable interest
    Expanding insurable interest to pervasive interests
    Pervasive interest –v- legal interest test –v- moral certainty test
    Has the notion of pervasive interest become obsolete?
    Life insurance
    Pecuniary interests
    Presumed interests
    Statutory extensions
    A new approach to insurable interest: Feasey
    The principles
    Construction
    Ward LJ’s dissenting judgment
    Reception and analysis
  • Insurable Interest – Quo Vadis?
  • The LC’s proposals
    The case for reform of the doctrine
    The IIB
    Would the IIB address the issues identified?
    Academic debate
    Examining the Traditional Justification
    Abolition
    Retention and expansion
    Remedies
    Foreign law approaches
    Australia
    US / New York
    Canada
    Germany
    South Africa
    People’s Republic of China
    Themes for reform
  • The anti-wagering justification
  • Wagers and insurance distinguished
    Doctrinal distinction
    Economic analysis
    Public policy and the differentiation between insurance and wagers
    Policy on gambling
    Policy on insurance
    Reasons against gambling by insurers
    Dividing line for tax treatment
    Dividing line for takaful insurance
    Policy against wagering under the guise of insurance
    Sham transactions
    Misrepresentation
    Unintentional wager policies
    Contracts of insurance differentiated from CDS
    What are CDS?
    CDS and insurance contracts distinguished
    Restraining effect of insurable interest requirement
    The anti-wagering justification and the definition of insurable interest
  • The moral hazard justification
  • Historical background and economic analysis
    Criticisms
    Doubtful deterrent effect
    Reverse moral hazard
    Inappropriateness of contract law
    ‘Skin in the game’ in property insurance
    How does an insurable interest constitute skin in the game?
    Relationship with other anti-moral hazard techniques
    Relationship between insurable interest and moral hazard restated
    Moral hazard in the capital markets
    Moral hazard and STOLI
    Moral hazard and the definition of insurable interest
  • The indemnity justification
  • The indemnity principle
    Criticisms
    The relationship between the doctrine of insurable interest and the indemnity principle
    The indemnity justification and the definition of insurable interest
    Indemnity dependent on nature and extent interest
    Multiple claims
    Valuation
  • The integral dimension of insurable interest – insurance contract law
  • Utmost good faith and pre-contractual risk presentation
    Utmost good faith
    Pre-contractual risk presentation under the IA 2015
    Pre-contractual representations under CIDRA
    Causation
    No interest
    Economic interests
    Consequential loss
    Duty to mitigate loss
    Duty to prevent, avert and mitigate loss
    Reasonableness and insurable interest
    Failure to mitigate as an intervening cause
    Abandonment
    Subrogation
    Relationship with the doctrine of insurable interest
    Rights of action against third parties
    Significance of abandonment and subrogation
  • The integral dimension of insurable interest – policy terms
  • Methodology for survey
    Insurable interest and title requirements
    Clauses requiring loss and exclusion of consequential loss
    Retention, deductibles and limits of liability
    Loss prevention and loss mitigation
    Risk Control Terms
    Notice of loss
    Claims conditions
    Basis of settlement (reinstatement and repairs)
    Subrogation provisions
    Insurable interest as part of contractual fabric
  • The definitional dimension of insurable interest
  • Historical background to definition of ‘contract of insurance’
    Doctrinal analysis of definition of ‘contract of insurance’
    Interest –v- insurable interest in property insurance
    Definition for regulatory and tax purposes
    Conceptual analyses
    Abraham’s four conceptions of insurance
    Merkin and Steele’s models of insurance
    Insurable interest and market perception
    Definitional role
    Economic interest
    Reconciliation between definitional and validity roles
    Route A: contracts with ‘interest’ but without ‘insurable interest’
    Route B: non-insurance contracts under the guise of insurance
    Consequences of falling outside definition
    Consequences for policyholder
    Consequences for insurer
  • Remedies, enforcement and reform
  • Evaluation of remedies regime
    Fairness
    Effectiveness and enforcement
    Interference with the parties’ contract
    Remedial gap between legal consequences and regulatory sanctions
    Authorization and permissions
    Prudential regulation
    Conduct of business regulation
    FOS
    Insurers’ duties in relation to insurable interest
    Suggested wordings
    The duty to decline
    A regulatory product information requirement
    Legal bases for the duty to decline and the regulatory product information requirement
    Benefits and detriments
  • Conclusion

  • Notă biografică

    Dr Franziska Arnold-Dwyer, Lecturer in Insurance Law and Deputy Director of the Insurance, Shipping & Aviation Law Institute at the Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London.

    Descriere

    This book assesses the role of the doctrine of insurable interest within modern insurance law by examining its rationales and suggesting how shortcomings could be fixed.