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Introduction to Applied Ethics

Autor Professor Robert L. Holmes
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 21 feb 2018
How do you decide what is ethically wrong and right? Few people make moral judgments by taking the theory first. Specifically written with the interests, needs, and experience of students in mind, this textbook approaches thinking ethically as you do in real life - by first encountering practical moral problems and then introducing theory to understand and integrate the issues.Built around engaging case studies from news media, court hearings, famous speeches and philosophical writings, each of the 15 chapters:- explains and defines the moral problem dealt with- provides excerpts of readings on all sides of the issue- analyses the problem, using the relevant theoryThe examples are recognizable ethical problems, including judgments about racism and sexism, controversial debates such as assisted suicide and the death penalty, and contemporary concerns like privacy and technology, corporate responsibility, and the environment.The mission of the book is to assist you to engage in informed, independent, critical thinking and to enable you to enter into ethical discussions in the classroom and beyond. Supported by learning features, including study questions, key quotes, handy definitions and a companion website, this book is essential for any student of moral philosophy.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781350029811
ISBN-10: 1350029815
Pagini: 552
Dimensiuni: 156 x 234 x 35 mm
Greutate: 0.82 kg
Editura: Bloomsbury Publishing
Colecția Bloomsbury Academic
Locul publicării:London, United Kingdom

Caracteristici

Each chapter contains one or more theory boxes (boxed texts explaining relevant theoretical concepts necessary to understanding the moral problems being discussed) to help students decide where they stand on the issues and how to defend moral positions

Notă biografică

Robert L. Holmes is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Rochester, USA. His main research is in philosophy of war, the ethics of nonviolence, and contemporary moral problems. He is the author of Pacifism (2016) Basic Moral Philosophy (2006) and On War and Morality (1989), co-author of Philosophical Inquiry (1968), and co-editor of Nonviolence in Theory and Practice (1990).

Cuprins

IntroductionIRACE, GENDER AND ETHNICITYChapter 1. RACISM1.1 Basic Questions about Racism1.2 What is Racism?1.3 What is a Racist?1.4 A Racist Philosophy1.5 The Racist's Burden of Proof1.6 Is there such a Thing as "Race"?1.7 Are Some "Races" Superior to Others?1.8 Ought Innately Superior "Races" to dominate Inferior "Races"?1.9 Race, Rights and Utility1.10 Racism and Universalizability1.11 ConclusionChapter 2. SEXISM2.1 Basic Questions about Sexism2.2 What is Sexism?2.3 What is a Sexist?2.4 The Sexist's Burden of Proof2.5 Is One Sex Innately Superior to the Other?2.6 Ought One Sex to Dominate the Other?2.7 ConclusionChapter 3. HISPANIC/LATINO ISSUES3.1 Hispanics in America3.2 Are Hispanics a "Race" or an Ethnic Group?3.3 Naming3.4 What Terms to Use and Who Should Decide?3.5 Can "Hispanic" Be Defined?3.6 Anti-Hispanic Discrimination3.7 Hispanics, School Segregation, and Distributive Justice3.9 ConclusionChapter 4. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND DIVERSITY4.1 What is Affirmative Action?4.2 The Evolution of Affirmative Action4.3 Diversity to the Forefront4.4 Affirmative Action and the University of Michigan4.5 A Definition of Affirmative Action.4.6 The Moral Issue.4.7 Reparations?4.8 Affirmative Action Distinguished from Reparations4.9 Justice for Groups or for Individuals?4.10 Is Affirmative Action Fair?4.11 Diversity or Compensation for Past Injustice?4.12 ConclusionChapter Five. SEXUAL HARASSMENT5.1 What is Sexual Harassment?5.2 The Potential for Misunderstanding5.3 Sexual Harassment and Sex Discrimination5.4 Is Sexual Harassment the Same as Sex Discrimination?5.5 Sexual Harassment and Sexism5.6 Sexual Harassment, Sexual Misconduct and Gender Harassment5.7 Sexual Harassment and Privacy5.8 Sexual Harassment and the University5.9 ConclusionIIPROFIT AND THE PLIGHT OF OTHERSChapter 6. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY6.1 The Problem6.2 What are Corporations?6.3 Liberal and Conservative Positions on Corporate Social Responsibility6.4 What is the Basic Obligation of Corporations?6.5 Possible Objections to Corporate Responsibility6.6 What Social Responsibilities?6.7 Non-maleficence6.8 Corporations and Distributive Justice6.9 Corporations and the Making of Moral judgments6.10 ConclusionChapter 7. POVERTY AND WORLD HUNGER7.1 What is Poverty?7.2 Is Poverty Always Bad? Voluntary and Involuntary Poverty7.3 How Serious a Problem is Poverty?7.4 Are We Obligated Individually to Fight Poverty?7.5. Are We Obligated Collectively to Fight Poverty?7.6 Are Efforts to Fight Poverty Futile Under Present Socio-economic Conditions?7.7 ConclusionChapter 8. CAPITALISM AND SOCIALISM8.1 What are Capitalism and Socialism?8.2 Freedom, Liberty and Rights8.3 Natural Rights8.4 Anarchism, Libertarianism, Conservatism and Liberalism8.5 Liberty and Equality8.6 Marxism8.7 Historical Materialism8.8 Surplus Value8.9 A Capitalist Conception of Distributive Justice8.10 Are There Contradictions within Capitalism?8.11 ConclusionIIIANIMALS AND THE ENVIRONMENTChapter 9. CARING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT9.1 Why Care for the Environment?9.2 Basic and Derivative Moral Considerations9.3 Who or What Warrants Basic Moral Consideration?9.4 Anthropocentrism9.5 Sentientism9.6 Biocentrism9.7 Does Nature as a Whole Warrant Basic Moral Consideration?9.8 An Argument for Giving Nature Basic Moral Consideration9.9 An Anthropocentric Objection9.10 Intended and Foreseeable Consequences of Environmental Impacts9.11 ConclusionChapter 10. MORAL CONSIDERATION FOR ANIMALS10.1 Kinds of Moral Consideration10.2 Speciesism10.3 Animals and Discrimination10.4 Ought Humans to Dominate Animals?10.5 Are Humans Naturally Superior to Animals?10.6 What Extrinsic Value Does Human Intelligence Have?10.7 Superiority and Dominance10.8 ConclusionIVAUTONOMY AND THE INDIVIDUALChapter 11. PRIVACY11.1 Why is Privacy Important?11.2 Philosophical and Legal Foundations of Privacy11.3 The Definition of Privacy11.4 Personal Autonomy11.5 The Paradox of Privacy11.6 Setting Boundaries11.7 The Prima Facie Right to Privacy11.8 Violating Privacy for Political, Social or Personal Ends11.9 Privacy and Conflicting Values11.10 Privacy and Technology11.11 ConclusionChapter 12. ABORTION12.1 Is There Neutral Language With Which to Discuss Abortion?12.2 What is It That is Aborted?12.3 A Medical Perspective12.4 Whose Interests Warrant Moral Consideration in the Abortion Issue?12.5 Roe v. Wade (1973)12.6 A Woman's "Right to Choose."12.7 Do Men Have Rights in the Abortion Issue?12.8 Do the Unborn Have Rights?12.9 Human Beings and Persons12.10 Abortion and the Killing of the Innocent12.11 What Precisely is Abortion?12.12 Hare's Golden Rule Argument12.13 Toward a New Perspective on Abortion12.14 The Basic Issue of Unwanted Pregnancy12.15 ConclusionChapter 13. PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE13.1 Suicide13.2 Is There a Right to Die?13.3 Active and Passive Euthanasia13.4 The Quinlan, Cruzan and Schiavo Cases13.5 Consciousness, Coma and Persistent Vegetative States13.6 Killing and Letting Die13.7 Is There a Moral Difference Between Killing and Letting Die?13.8 Is There a Slippery Slope from Suicide to Assisted Suicide to Euthanasia?13.9 The Case for a Logically Slippery Slope13.10 ConclusionVTHE NONCONSENSUAL TAKING OF HUMAN LIFEChapter 14. THE DEATH PENALTY14.1 The Death Penalty in America14.2 What is Punishment?14.3 Deterrence and Retribution14.4 What is Retributivism?14.5 Objection to the Retributivist Justification of the Death Penalty14.6 Is the Death Penalty a Deterrent?14.7 ConclusionChapter 15. TERRORISM AND WAR15.1 The Problem15.2 What is Terrorism?15.3 The Rationalization of Terrorism15.4 Who Are Terrorists?15.5 How Some Terrorists View Themselves15.6 Terrorism and the Killing of Innocents15.7 What is War?15.8 Can War Be Morally Justified?15.9 The Just War Theory15.10 War and the Killing of Innocents15.11 War and the Killing of Soldiers15.12 Are Soldiers Morally Expendable?15.13 Is There an Absolute Right to Kill in Self-Defense?15.14 The Paradox of the Moral Expendability of Soldiers15.15 Pacifism15.16 Conclusion

Recenzii

Introduction to Applied Ethics is written in a clear and rigorous style, presenting and discussing the basic arguments in an exemplary way.
Written with exemplary clarity and astonishing erudition, this textbook will become a standard against which other texts in applied ethics must be measured for decades to come.
This is an excellent introduction to applied ethics: it is concise, rigorous and interestingly written.