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Libya's Fragmentation: Structure and Process in Violent Conflict

Autor Wolfram Lacher
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 19 feb 2020
Shortlisted for the Conflict Research Society's 2021 Book of the Year PrizeShortlisted for the British-Kuwait Friendship Society 2021 Book PrizeAfter the overthrow of the Qadhafi regime in 2011, Libya witnessed a dramatic breakdown of centralized power. Countless local factions carved up the country into a patchwork of spheres of influence. Almost no nationwide or even regional organizations emerged, and no national institutions survived the turbulent descent into renewed civil war. Only the leader of one armed coalition, Khalifa Haftar, managed to overcome competitors and centralize authority over eastern Libya. But tenacious resistance from armed groups in western Libya blocked Haftar's attempt to seize power in the capital Tripoli.Rarely does political fragmentation occur as radically as in Libya, where it has been the primary obstacle to the re-establishment of central authority. This book analyzes the forces that have shaped the country's trajectory since 2011. Confounding widely held assumptions about the role of Libya's tribes in the revolution, Wolfram Lacher shows how war transformed local communities and explains why Khalifa Haftar has been able to consolidate his sway over the northeast. Based on hundreds of interviews with key actors in the conflict, Lacher advances an approach to the study of civil wars that places the transformation of social ties at the centre of analysis.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780755600816
ISBN-10: 0755600819
Pagini: 304
Dimensiuni: 156 x 234 x 25 mm
Greutate: 0.45 kg
Editura: Bloomsbury Publishing
Colecția I.B.Tauris
Locul publicării:London, United Kingdom

Caracteristici

Based on hundreds of interviews with protagonists in the conflict, ranging from politicians and businessmen to army officers, leaders and members of armed groups, tribal notables, intellectuals and civil society activists

Notă biografică

Wolfram Lacher is Senior Associate at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP). His research focuses on conflict dynamics in Libya and the Sahel region, and relies on frequent fieldwork. Lacher has published in many journals and media outlets, including Survival, Mediterranean Politics, Foreign Affairs and The Washington Post. He received his PhD in Political Science from Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany.

Cuprins

INTRODUCTIONThe PuzzleFragmentation in Civil Wars and Collapsed States.Fragmentation and Social Structure.The ArgumentStructure, Process, and Social Transformation in Civil WarSocial EmbeddednessThe Process of FragmentationMechanisms and ProcessesResearch Design and MethodologyData collectionConditions and ConstraintsPlan of the BookLIBYA'S UNRAVELLING, 2011-2019Revolution (February-October 2011)Sharing the Spoils (November 2011 - July 2012)An Experiment with Democracy (July 2012 - May 2013)Escalating Tensions (May 2013 - June 2014)The Second Civil War (2014-15)The Elusive Agreement (July 2015 - September 2016)Impasse (September 2016 - January 2019)Haftar's Expansion and the Third Civil War (January 2019)Patterns, Turning Points, and Paths not TakenSTRUCTURE AND PROCESS IN THE ERUPTION OF CIVIL WAR (2011)Structure, Process, and ViolenceCollective Indecision, Contingency, and ViolenceViolence, Group Structure, and Social TransformationStructural Aspects of Libyan LocalismA Century of Turmoil, 1911-2011What Is A Libyan Tribe?The Myth of the Marginalized Cities and RegionsThe Irruption of Localism in 2011A Local Civil War in the Western/Nafusa MountainsMisrata: Rise of a Revolutionary BulwarkBani Walid: Loyalism and VictimizationTobruk: Revolution at the MarginsConclusion: Violence and the Formation of New Political CommunitiesSOCIAL EMBEDDEDNESS AND VIOLENT CONFLICT (2012-15)Resocializing Armed GroupsSocial Embeddedness versus FormalizationSocial Embeddedness and Transformation in Libya's ConflictsMisrata: Power Politics and Social EmbeddednessWestern/Nafusa Mountains: Militia Conglomerates and Community SecurityBani Walid: The Difficult Path to Local Cohesion.Tobruk: The BackwaterElsewhere: The Reign of MilitiasConclusionTHE PROCESS OF FRAGMENTATION (2015-2019)Is Fragmentation a Game?Changes in Strategic Conditions, 2011-2019Trajectories of FragmentationMisrata: Social Cohesion, Political FragmentationWestern/Nafusa Mountains: Zintan, from Corporatism to FragmentationBani Walid: Restoring Cohesion through Self-IsolationTobruk: The Rise of HaftarConclusionCONCLUSIONHow Civil Wars Erupt: Onset vs. EscalationProcesses in Violent Conflict: Social Transformation and Strategic ConditionsFragmentation and CohesionWhat Explains Deep Social Embeddedness, and What Are Its Implications?From Fragmentation to ConsolidationThe Libyan PredicamentAnnex: List of InterviewsPublication bibliographyIndex

Recenzii

Wolfram Lacher has made a remarkable contribution to the literature on civil conflict and the Libyan civil war by putting forward the transformative effects of violent conflicts on communities. His work is crucial for political scientists and policymakers seeking to understand how the political and military landscape in Libya has fragmented and why the actors are still in dispute with each other.
A remarkable combination of fieldwork and theory, Libya's Fragmentation is highly recommended for diplomats, journalists, and scholars.
Lacher's book is certain to become an essential reference on the North African country.
This book is a rich, empirically informed treatment of an important and neglected topic. Wolfram Lacher sets out an intriguing puzzle about fragmentation in post-Qadhafi Libya. What makes the book stand out is the depth of the fieldwork - not only are there few academics or researchers working on the ground in Libya, but the research he conducted over the years is fundamentally non-replicable. This is likely to be one of the very few books of its kind, able to combine field research with theory to explain this period of Libya's history - with implications well beyond Libya.
This book is unquestionably a milestone in research on Libya and conflict dynamics in the country. At the same time, its theoretical insights make a significant contribution to the study of violent conflict. This work is likely to become a standard reference not only on Libya, but in the study of civil wars more broadly.
This could easily become the defining book on the crisis in Libya since 2011
Based on extensive fieldwork inside Libya, over 400 interviews and deep contextual knowledge, Libya's Fragmentation is a major contribution to recent scholarship on the war-torn North African country. Moreover, the book's insights into the dynamic interplay between armed actors and the social groups from which they emerge have resonance beyond the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Libya's Fragmentation is the only book available today which both takes Libya's complexity seriously, while attempting to say something more broadly about the nature of civil war and society, as such it deserves to become as staple of North African politics and civil war studies courses for years to come.
Wolfram Lacher's book on post-Qadhafi Libya is sure to become an indispensable reference on the North African country. The many visits the author made to Libya since 2007 give him access to a large range of factual details and witness accounts. Lacher's meticulous work tangibly and vividly immerses the reader in the uncertainty and the extraordinary danger of these few weeks of 2011 that were so crucial in shaping the post-Qadhafi era.
Lacher advances a novel theoretical framework that emphasizes the centrality of the process of Libya's unravelling. In doing so, he makes a significant contribution to scholarship on contemporary events in Libya and to conflict studies more broadly. The book masterfully retraces the breakdown of Libya's transitional process, the outbreak of a second bout of civil war in 2014, and the current governance crisis.