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Meaning: Semantics, Pragmatics, Cognition

Autor Betty J. Birner
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 31 mar 2023
Meaning addresses the fundamental question of human language interaction: what it is to mean, and how we communicate our meanings to others. Experienced textbook writer and eminent researcher Betty J. Birner gives balanced coverage to semantics and pragmatics, emphasizing interactions between the two, and discusses other fields of language study such as syntax, neurology, philosophy of language, and artificial intelligence in terms of their interfaces with linguistic meaning.
Comics and diagrams appear throughout to keep the reader engaged; and end-of-chapter quizzes, data-collection exercises, and opinion questions are employed along with more traditional exercises and discussion questions. In addition, the book features copious examples from real life and current events, along with boxes describing linguistic issues in the news and interesting and accessible research on topics like swearing, politics, and animal communication. Students will emerge ready for deeper study in semantics and pragmatics – and more importantly, with an understanding of how all of these fields serve the fundamental purpose of human language: the communication of meaning. Meaning is an ideal textbook for courses in linguistic meaning that focus on both semantics and pragmatics in equal parts, with special attention on philosophical questions, related subfields of linguistics, and interfaces among these various areas.
Appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate-level courses in semantics, pragmatics, and general linguistics, Meaning is essential reading for all students of linguistic meaning.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780367028848
ISBN-10: 0367028840
Pagini: 322
Ilustrații: 15 Tables, black and white; 27 Line drawings, black and white; 11 Halftones, black and white; 38 Illustrations, black and white
Dimensiuni: 174 x 246 x 24 mm
Greutate: 0.58 kg
Ediția:1
Editura: Taylor & Francis
Colecția Routledge
Locul publicării:Oxford, United Kingdom

Public țintă

Postgraduate and Undergraduate

Recenzii

"Betty Birner’s new book is an ideal guide for students’ magical mystery tour of the fascinating intricacies of pragmatics and semantics. Professor Birner clearly introduces landmark research in linguistics, philosophy, and other relevant disciplines, inspiring and helping students begin exploring meaning-language connections for themselves."
Sally McConnell-Ginet, Linguistics, Cornell University, USA

Notă biografică

Betty J. Birner is a professor of Linguistics and Cognitive Science in the Department of English at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL. She received her Ph.D. in 1992 from Northwestern University, and has written extensively on pragmatics, the semantics/pragmatics interface, and information structure.

Cuprins

List of boxes
List of figures
List of truth tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. What is language?
Linguistics
   The rules of language
   Language change
   Research in linguistics
Philosophy of language: How meaning works
  Types of meaning
  Where is meaning located?
  The philosophers weigh in, beginning with: Frege
  Russell
  Strawson
  Donnellan
  The upshot
Semantics and pragmatics
  Discourse models and possible worlds
Exercises

2. Semantics I: Word meaning
What is a word?
Where words come from
  Historical descent
  Other sources of new words
  Lexical relations
Approaches to word meaning
  Componential analysis
  Other primitive-based approaches
  Prototype theory and The Great Sandwich Controversy
Exercises

3. Semantics II: Sentence meaning
Truth and meaning
Sentential relations
Logical operators
  Negation
  Conjunction
  Disjunction
  The conditional
  The biconditional
Propositional logic
  Analytic statements
  Synthetic statements
Predicate logic
  Predicates and constants
  Variables
  Quantifiers
  Ambiguity and scope
Exercises

4. Pragmatics I: The Cooperative Principle
Reprise: Semantics vs. pragmatics
The Cooperative Principle
  The maxims
  The maxim of Quantity
  The maxim of Quality
  The maxim of Relation
  The maxim of Manner
  Revisiting Grice’s problem
  Tests for conversational implicature
Implicature and pragmatic theory
  Conventional implicature
  The Gricean world view
Pragmatics after Grice
  Explicature
  Impliciture
  Neo-Gricean theory
  Relevance theory
  Boundary disputes
Exercises
5. Pragmatics II: Speech acts
Speech acts
  Performatives
  Constatives
  Types of speech acts: first pass
Indirect speech acts
  Felicity conditions
  Felicity conditions, speech acts, and the Cooperative Principle
  Types of speech acts: second pass
Politeness theory
Exercises
6. Language structure
The Chomskyan revolution
Sound structure
Word structure
  Morphemes
  Allomorphs
  Words
  Parts of speech
  Structure and function
  Representing word structure
  Other ways of building words
Sentence structure
  Ambiguity and constituency
  Representing sentence structure
  Expanding our grammar
  Structural ambiguity
  So what’s the point?
Exercises

7. Interfaces I: Semantics, pragmatics, and philosophy
Reference and the semantics/pragmatics boundary
  What do we refer to when we refer?
Deixis and anaphora
  Indexicals
  Deixis
  Personal deixis
  Spatial deixis
  Temporal deixis
  Discourse deixis
  Anaphora
  Reference resolution
  Cataphora
  Anaphora and phrase types
Definiteness
  Definiteness as uniqueness
  Definiteness as familiarity
Presupposition
  Testing for presupposition
  Presupposition triggers
  Theories of presupposition
  Accommodation
Exercises
8. Interfaces II: Structure and meaning
Semantic roles
  Argument-structure alternations
Information structure
  Preposing
  Postposing
  Argument reversal
  Inference
  Open propositions
  Constructions
  The type/token distinction
Exercises

9. Meaning and human cognition
Language and the brain
  Brain structure
  Neurons
  Aphasia
Language and thought
  Does the language I speak affect my view of reality?
Language use and world view
  Advertising
  Politics and public policy
  Language and prejudice
Connecting the dots
Exercises

10. Meaning, minds, and machines
The nuts and bolts
Natural-language processing
Artificial intelligence
  Data mining
  Deep learning
Meaning and the self
  Bodies and minds
  Language and consciousness
Exercises
References
Index

Descriere

Meaning addresses the fundamental question of human language interaction: what it is to mean, and how we communicate our meanings to others. Experienced textbook writer and eminent researcher Betty J. Birner gives balanced coverage to semantics and pragmatics, emphasizing interactions between the two.