The study of medicines or drugs produced using natural resources such as plants, microbes or animals is termed as pharmacognosy. It involves the study of their physical, chemical, biological and biochemical characteristics. The ingredients obtained from plants might not be useful in their physical form and may require some chemical modification to become effective. Phytochemicals produced by plants can be majorly classified into alkaloid, polyphenols, terpenes and glycosides. Taxus Baccata, Hericium erinaceus and Aloe marlothii are some examples of medicinal plants. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of pharmacognosy and the recent researches in this field. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.