The book presents a comprehensive overview of modern mathematical concepts, models, methods and tools with applications in computer graphics, computer vision and machine learning. Fifteen topics in modern mathematics are arranged in three parts: algebra, geometry and topology, with an emphasis on tensors and manifolds. and a separate part on applications. It can be used as a textbook for a selected topics course at the undergraduate or graduate level. It can also be used as fifteen short crash courses for self-study of any of the topics in any order, with minimal inter-chapter dependencies. This book is based on the lecture notes of two courses the author has taught in the US - "Gaming Mathematics" at the undergraduate level and "Mathematical Methods in Computer Graphics and Vision" at the graduate level, with considerable expansions.