This book is a collection of research work by international veterans in the neural stem cell field and includes the characterization of adult and embryonic neural stem cells in both vertebrates as well as invertebrates. Specifically, this book provides techniques and also describes the challenges of employing neural stem cells for therapy of neurological disorders and spinal cord as well as brain injuries. It is intended for basic readers, doctors, students and researchers who are interested in comprehending the principles and novel discoveries in neural stem cells and therapy.