The simulation of human intelligence in machines which are programmed to think and act like humans is referred to as artificial intelligence. It is based on the proposition that the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, that encompasses the elements of consciousness and emotions, can be defined in a way such that machines can mimic it. The major approaches which govern the development of artificial intelligence are cybernetics and brain simulation, sub-symbolic, symbolic, and statistical approaches. Artificial intelligence finds widespread application for a variety of purposes such as self-driving cars, medical diagnosis, image recognition, search engines, energy storage and online advertising. Some of the common challenges associated with this field are reasoning, planning, learning, knowledge representation, perception, natural language processing, social intelligence and general intelligence. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of artificial intelligence which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. As this field is emerging at a fast pace, this book will help the readers to better understand the concepts of artificial intelligence.