Nuclear Instrumentation II / Instrumentelle Hilfsmittel der Kernphysik II: Handbuch der Physik Encyclopedia of Physics, cartea 8 / 45

Ionization Chambers in Nuclear Physics.- I. Introduction.- II. General principles of ionization chamber operation.- III. Events following ionization.- IV. Utilization of the signal.- V. Applications.- Geiger Counters.- I. Introduction.- II. The gas discharge mechanism.- III. Special topics.- IV. Design and use considerations.- References.- Scintillation and ?erenkov Counters.- I. Photomultiplier tubes.- II. Inorganic phosphors.- III. Organic phosphors.- IV. ?erenkov counters.- V. Scintillation and ?erenkov counters for high energy ?- and ?-ray spectroscopy.- The Proportional Counter as Detector and Spectrometer.- A. Historical.- B. The principle of operation.- C. The construction of proportional tubes.- D. The tube as spectrometer.- E. Fields of application.- F. Summation effects.- G. High sensitivity work.- H. Applications of proportional tubes.- The Coincidence Method.- I. General and historical introduction.- II. Coincidence circuits of moderate resolutions (? 1 ? sec).- III. Fast coincidence circuits.- IV. Coincidence measurements.- Cloud Chambers.- I. The production of tracks in a cloud chamber.- II. The photography of cloud chamber tracks.- III. The measurement of cloud chamber tracks.- IV. Concluding remarks.- Acknowledgements.- General references.- The Bubble Chamber.- 1. Introduction.- 2. History of the development of the bubble chamber.- 3. Construction and operation of the bubble chambers.- 4. Microscopic mechanism of bubble nucleation by ionizing events.- 5. Photography of bubble chambers.- 6. Measurements with bubble chambers.- 7. Applications of bubble chambers.- Nuclear Emulsions.- A. Introduction.- B. Principles of particle identification and velocity measurement.- C. Techniques.- Acknowledgments.- Appendix: Supplemental bibliography.- Detectionof Neutrons.- A. Interactions used for detection.- B. Detecting devices.- C. Applications to various types of measurements.- References.- High Energy Neutron Detectors.- I. General considerations.- II. Detecting devices..- III. Application of detectors to neutron measurements.- General references.- Sachverzeichnis (Deutsch/Englisch).- Subject Index (English/German).