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Postcolonial People: The Return from Africa and the Remaking of Portugal

Autor Christoph Kalter
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 25 oct 2023
Having built much of their wealth, power, and identities on imperial expansion, how did the Portuguese and, by extension, Europeans deal with the end of empire? Postcolonial People explores the processes and consequences of decolonization through the histories of over half a million Portuguese settlers who 'returned' following the 1974 Carnation Revolution from Angola, Mozambique, and other parts of Portugal's crumbling empire to their country of origin and citizenship, itself undergoing significant upheaval. Looking comprehensively at the returnees' history and memory for the first time, this book contributes to debates about colonial racism and its afterlives. It studies migration, 'refugeeness,' and integration to expose an apparent paradox: The end of empire and the return migrations it triggered belong to a global history of the twentieth century and are shaped by transnational dynamics. However, they have done nothing to dethrone the primacy of the nation-state. If anything, they have reinforced it.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781108931595
ISBN-10: 1108931596
Pagini: 379
Dimensiuni: 230 x 153 x 24 mm
Greutate: 0.51 kg
Editura: Cambridge University Press
Colecția Cambridge University Press
Locul publicării:Cambridge, United Kingdom

Cuprins

Introduction: Decolonization, migration, and the post-imperial nation; 1. Returnees or refugees? Defining the retornados; 1.1 Charting the retornados: Who came?; 1.2 Portuguese decolonization and the 'exodus' from the colonies; 1.3 Who can remain Portuguese? Citizenship and race in the legal definition of retornados; 1.4 Representing the returnees: On stigma, scapegoating, and refugeeness; 1.5 Helping the refugees: Emergency relief beyond the nation-state; 1.6 (Almost) No refugees under international law: The UNHCR in Portugal; 1.7 From actors' categories to analytical categories: A forced migration?; 2. Hotels for the homeless: Integrating the retornados; 2.1 A small miracle? The success story of integration; 2.2 Housing the returnees: The state as an integrator; 2.3 Unusual guests: Retornados in hotels and pensions; 2.4 Of camps and prisons: The centers of collective accommodation and the limits of integration; 2.5 No straightforward story: The retornados' integration revisited; 3. Making claims and taking action: Retornados as political actors; 3.1 Dangerous migrants? Collective action, government response, apolitical politics; 3.2 Fragmented forces, limited leverage: The retornado associations; 3.3 'Children of the Lusitanian fatherland': Non-white retornado activists; 3.4 'Incredibly real and shocking': The Far-Right Weekly, 'Jornal O Retornado'; 3.5 On representation: Retornados in parliament and the parties of the political right; 3.6 Retornado politics – and its rapid disappearance; 4. The return of the return: Memory and the retornados' reemergence; 4.1 A world after empire: Portugal and the current memory moment; 4.2 Authenticity, traumatic loss, successful integration: The retornados today; 4.3 Historicizing memory: Historical thinking and truth; Conclusion: The presence and the future of the past.

Recenzii

'Christoph Kalter's deeply researched analysis of those who 'returned' to Portugal from Africa upon decolonization asks critical questions about race, racism, and postcolonial national belonging and interrogates persistent lusotropical colonial myths. In our era of resurgent imperial memories and controversies, Postcolonial People's lucid insights make it timely and invaluable reading.' Elizabeth Buettner, University of Amsterdam
'Decolonization not only changed the map of the world, but also had deep repercussions on European societies. Surely the definitive study of the half-million retornados coming to Portugal at empire's end in 1975, Postcolonial People makes a fascinating contribution to the history of migration, of public memory, and of postcolonial Europe.' Sebastian Conrad, Free University of Berlin
'Postcolonial People provides a pathbreaking account of Europe's last major decolonization, focusing on the retornados who migrated to the Portuguese metropole. Kalter's study mines the productive space created by gaps between protagonists' understandings of their experiences and legal categories such as refugee and citizen. In lively and accessible prose, Kalter demonstrates how transnational processes of migration from Portugal's former colonies and international humanitarian responses paradoxically worked to entrench notions of the nation, even as they transformed the very meanings and borders of that national community. Wide-ranging, meticulously researched, comparatively informed, and conceptually sharp, Postcolonial People breaks new ground in its analysis of how the simultaneous end of empire and authoritarian rule in Portugal reconfigured what it meant to be Portuguese in legal and socio-cultural terms.' Pamela Ballinger, University of Michigan
'This is an original and pathbreaking work, empirically solid and analytically sophisticated. It corrects several unsubstantiated historiographical and public claims, offering a compelling assessment of the massive immigration from the former Portuguese colonies in Africa as a consequence of the interrelated dynamics of democratization, after the Revolução dos Cravos of 1974, and formal decolonization. Moreover, it contributes to a richer study of European trajectories of decolonization and their multifaceted and enduring effects.' Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo, University of Coimbra

Notă biografică


Descriere

Explores how European nations were remade by the end of empire, through the history of 'returning' settlers from Portuguese Africa.