The Ethiopian government has pursued decentralization policy by shifting authority and responsibility to regions. Since 1992, significant changes have been made in the area of provision of public services; The decentralization reform seeks to improve the access, equity, quality and efficiency of public services. The decentralization process that has been chosen as an approach to address sect oral problems was a new phenomena, and a series of factors can complicate its implementation. Thus, the objective of the study were, to assess how decentralization was working and the extent to which the administrative levels effectively played their roles in implementing the policy of decentralization. Furthermore, assessing changes that took place, favorable conditions and constraints in the implementation were also the focus of the study. Therefore, the study seeks to contribute valuable information related to implementation of decentralization problems, which is hoped to encourage the conducting of detail process evaluation. The study has made a brief review of the related literature and experiences of some countries.