Knowledge of the technological and socio-economical factors that have contributed to the past development of aquaculture in diverse regions of the world is essential to understand the current challenges facing the sector and to formulate appropriate policies to spur growth in those regions where aquaculture has failed to develop adequately. Because forecasts for aquaculture development cannot be easily extrapolated from historical trends, the Delphi method was used to establish an interactive dialogue on factors and challenges to aquaculture development with experts from all around the globe. Results of this analysis will provide policy makers with valuable information to assist them in their efforts to promote regional aquaculture development. Also published in French.