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Religious Evolution and the Axial Age: From Shamans to Priests to Prophets: Scientific Studies of Religion: Inquiry and Explanation

Autor Stephen K. Sanderson
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 24 ian 2018
Religious Evolution and the Axial Age describes and explains the evolution of religion over the past ten millennia. It shows that an overall evolutionary sequence can be observed, running from the spirit and shaman dominated religions of small-scale societies, to the archaic religions of the ancient civilizations, and then to the salvation religions of the Axial Age. Stephen K. Sanderson draws on ideas from new cognitive and evolutionary psychological theories, as well as comparative religion, anthropology, history, and sociology. He argues that religion is a biological adaptation that evolved in order to solve a number of human problems, especially those concerned with existential anxiety and ontological insecurity. Much of the focus of the book is on the Axial Age, the period in the second half of the first millennium BCE that marked the greatest religious transformation in world history. The book demonstrates that, as a result of massive increases in the scale and scope of war and large-scale urbanization, the problems of existential anxiety and ontological insecurity became particularly acute. These changes evoked new religious needs, especially for salvation and release from suffering. As a result entirely new religions-Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism-arose to help people cope with the demands of the new historical era.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781350047426
ISBN-10: 1350047422
Pagini: 320
Ilustrații: 1 bw illus
Dimensiuni: 156 x 234 mm
Greutate: 0.66 kg
Editura: Bloomsbury Publishing
Colecția Bloomsbury Academic
Seria Scientific Studies of Religion: Inquiry and Explanation

Locul publicării:London, United Kingdom

Caracteristici

Written by a distinguished and widely-published senior scholar (author of 14 books)

Notă biografică

Stephen K. Sanderson is Research Associate at the Institute for Research on World-Systems at the University of California, Riverside, USA. He is the author of numerous books, most recently Modern Societies: A Comparative Perspective (2015) and Human Nature and the Evolution of Society (2014).

Cuprins

Preface and AcknowledgementsList of FiguresList of Tables Prologue1. What Religion Is2. The Evolutionary Forms of the Religious Life3. The Religions of the Axial Age4. Explaining Religion5. Religion as an Evolutionary Adaptation6. The Sociocultural Evolution of Religion, 1: The Overall Pattern7. The Sociocultural Evolution of Religion, 2: The Axial Age8. Religion Past, Present, and FutureAppendix A. Codes for Stage of Religious Evolution in the Standard Cross-cultural SampleAppendix B. Ancient Cities and Estimated City SizesNotesBibliographyIndex

Recenzii

This is a major contribution to the evolutionary study of religion. Sanderson masterfully engages both the rich historical scholarship on religion and the contemporary theoretical work on the evolution of religion, offering a novel and insightful analysis. The evolutionary study of religion is fortunate to have a scholar of such breadth, proficiency, and dedication wrestle with the most pressing questions in the field.
Sanderson makes an important contribution to the question of diversity, arguing that religions are essentially biosocial adaptations to changing environments. This bold new theory deserves serious attention from, and systematic testing by, a wide range of scholars and scientists.
Sanderson argues persuasively that such movements as the transcendental "world" religions of the Axial and subsequent ages reflect changing social conditions. These religions were responses, he holds, to increasing population pressures, political and ethnic alienation, and warfare, from which their adherents sought salvation.