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River-Sand Mining: An Ethnography of Resource Conflict in China de Qian Zhu

River-Sand Mining: An Ethnography of Resource Conflict in China: China Studies, cartea 45

Autor Qian Zhu
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 16 dec 2021
This book explores the overexploitation of river-sand and its impact on Zhuang communities in China. A topical phenomenon, the book engages with the concept of authoritarian environmental management through a detailed analysis of state laws and policies on river-sand mining. Additional rich ethnographic material shows that riverfront Zhuang villagers and their indigenous ecological knowledge cannot compete with government policy, economic forces, and development trends in gaining control over river sand governance. This book provides appealing case studies in the interdisciplinary field of political ecology. As an example of "anthropology of home", it is of specific methodological interest.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9789004505902
ISBN-10: 9004505903
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill
Seria China Studies

Cuprins

Preface

Acknowledgments

List of Illustrations

Notes on the Text

1Introduction
1.1 A Brief History of River-Sand Mining: A National Perspective

1.2 The Current Demand for River Sand in China

1.3 The Political Ecology of River-Sand Mining

1.4 The Concept of Indigeneity in China

1.5 The Zhuang and Their Indigenous Ecological Knowledge

1.6 The Objective, Research Questions, and Structure of the Book


2The Research Setting and Conducting Research “at Home”
2.1 The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Human–Environment Relations in Historical Perspective

2.2 Qinzhou City, Zhuang Towns, the River, and the Villages
2.2.1Huangwutun Town

2.2.2Xintang Town

2.2.3Six Villages along the Maoling River
2.2.3.1 Mei Village: An Example of Agricultural Crisis and Its Impact on Outmigration

2.2.3.2 Migrant Workers Who Settle in Urban Areas


2.3 Starting Research in Mei Village: Topic Determination during Fieldwork

2.4 Methods
2.4.1Choosing the Key Informants


2.5 Multiple Positions: Conducting Research “at Home” and Beyond


3The Commodity Chain of River Sand and the Ecological Consequences of River-Sand Mining
3.1 The Commodification of River Sand
3.1.1The Increase in River Sand Prices and the Use of New Technology


3.2 The Sand Rush along the Maoling River
3.2.1Illegal Sand Miners on the Upper Reaches of the Maoling River

3.2.2Illegal Sand Miners on the Lower Maoling River
3.2.2.1 Case Study 1: The Family-Owned Sand Company

3.2.2.2 Case Study 2: Changing Status from Worker to Owner


3.2.3The Outsiders and the Insiders: The Boom in Illegal Sand Mining
3.2.3.1 Case Study of a Female Miner: No Worry about the Customers

3.2.3.2 Case Study of a Local Miner Restarting His Business: Performing a Rite before Mining


3.3 The Role of Sand Wholesalers and the Sand Market in the Commodity Chain
3.3.1A Sand Wholesaler in Qinzhou City

3.3.2The Sand Market in Nanning City

3.3.3Truck and Ship Owners


3.4 The Ecological Consequences of Sand Commodification
3.4.1Loss of Fish Species

3.4.2Water Pollution

3.4.3Destruction of Riverbanks and Adjacent Farmlands

3.4.4Loss of Life

3.4.5Damage to Infrastructure: Roads and Bridges


3.5 Conclusion


4Government Policies and the Commodification of River Sand
4.1 Project-based Development and Its Role in the Marketization of Sand

4.2 Urbanization in Formerly Rural Areas
4.2.1The Incorporation of Rural Areas into Large Cities

4.2.2Rapidly Expanding Towns

4.2.3Rebuilding the Administrative Committee’s Offices

4.2.4Private House Construction in Rural Areas


4.3 Infrastructural Projects in Rural Areas
4.3.1Water Conservation

4.3.2Two Case Studies of the “One Project, One Discussion System”
4.3.2.1 Case Study 1: A 390-meter Cement Road Project in Mei Village in 2012

4.3.2.2 Case Study 2: A 220-meter Cement Road Project in Mei Village in 2015


4.4 The Counterproductive Aspects of the Project System in Villages

4.5 Conclusion


5State Ownership and the Governmental Management of River Sand
5.1 Laws Governing River-Sand Mining and the State Ownership of River Sand

5.2 Horizontal Politics in the Governance of River-Sand Mining

5.3 Vertical Politics in the Governance of River-Sand Mining

5.4 Sand-Management Policies at the Provincial Level: Power Decentralization and Autonomy

5.5 River-Sand Auctions at the Prefectural Level: Sand-Mining Licensing in Practice
5.5.1The Deceptive Success of Auctions of Sand-Mining Licenses

5.5.2The Effects of Corruption and Mismanagement on the Sand-Mining License System


5.6 The (Non-)Governance of River Sand at the Township Level: A Lack of Authority

5.7 Discussion and Conclusion


6Zhuang Villages’ Perspectives on Property Rights “This is Our Sand”
6.1 The Emergence of Sand “Thieves” and Ownership Problems

6.2 The “Blame Game” and the Complexity of Rights on the Commons

6.3 Selling Sand on the Instructions of Government Officials

6.4 Selling Sand to Defend a Village’s Right to Common Resources

6.5 An Illegal Sand Agreement and Its Implications

6.6 Discussion and Conclusion


7The Sociocultural Consequences of Illegal Sand Mining and Local Resistance
7.1 Consequences for Agricultural Livelihoods

7.2 Social Conflicts and Local Resistance against Sand Mining
7.2.1Resistance through Throwing Stones

7.2.2Resistance through Appealing to Formal Government Channels

7.2.3Resistance through Petitioning

7.2.4Resistance through Social Media


7.3 Sand Exploitation and Its Impact on Indigenous Belief Systems
7.3.1Case One: The Supernatural Punishment of Violators

7.3.2Case Two: The Infestation of Gods’ Trees by Insects

7.3.3Case Three: The Death of Some Elders


7.4 Discussion and Conclusion


8Conclusion

References

Index

Notă biografică

Qian Zhu, Ph.D. (1984), is a postdoctoral research fellow in the School of Sociology and Anthropology of Sun Yat-sen University. She has published several articles in Journal of Chinese Overseas, Ecological Economic Review, and Soil & Social Sciences in Guangdong.