This book analyses the nationalist rebellion which emerged inRomania following the Second World War. The first two decades after the end ofthe war were times of rebellion in imperial peripheries. Armed movements,sometimes communist but nearly always nationalist in orientation, rose inopposition to retreating or advancing imperial powers. One such armed revolttook place in Romania, pitting nationalist partisans against a communistgovernment. This book is an analysis of how the authorities crushed thisrebellion, set in the context of parallel campaigns fought in Europe and theThird World. It focuses on population control through censorship, propagandaand deportations. It analyses military operations, particularly patrols,checkpoints, ambushes and informed strikes. Intelligence operations are alsodiscussed, with an emphasis on recruiting informants, on interrogation, tortureand infiltration. Bullets, brains and barbwire, not “hearts and minds”approaches, crushed internal rebels in post-1945 campaigns.