The aim of this book is to provide health care professionals with an overview of the main aspects of recent advances in sleep medicine, with an emphasis on advancing basic science into clinical medicine. It is divided into three main parts. The first part is to cover the basic sleep mechanisms which includes genetics in sleep, and neural and humoral regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The second part focuses on the epidemiology of sleep, and the final part consists of the pathophysiological mechanisms of snoring and sleep apnea and other common sleep disorders as well as the consequences. The content of this book is written by experts and sleep specialists from all over the world and this book aims to optimize the health of individuals by “translating” bench side findings into clinical practice.