This volume deals first with the social and economic development of the Balkans under Ottoman rule. Particular attention is given to the demography of the region, and to questions of urban growth and ethnic and religious compostition. Professor Todorov is also concerned to examine the impact of the strongly centralized Ottoman system, and the introduction of new types of industrial and commercial organisation. The final studies cover aspects of Greek-Bulgarian relations and the political context, as the region moved to independence.