This book explores how Western European psychotherapists, interviewed between 2016 and 2019, understand spirituality and how they address spiritual matters in clinical sessions. By studying a purposive sample of 15 clinicians from Spain, England, Switzerland, Greece, Norway and Denmark, it was found that these shared similar views about spirituality, understood as dynamic, fluid and independent from religion. The interviewed psychotherapists showed great variation in their psychotherapy trainings, theoretical background and spiritual stances. However, the participants¿ rich narratives illustrate that independently from their personal and professional background they all approached spiritual matters from a client centered, humanistic perspective. Spirituality was often addressed heuristically, integrating different approaches in a creative manner through an array of interventions. Differences in the participants¿ religious and cultural background did not appear to determine the clinicians¿ views and approaches. Recommendations for practice are discussed, stressing the relevance of implementing a non-materialistic scientific paradigm that acknowledges different personal experiences, as a source of spiritual knowledge. The importance of keeping a non-judgmental perspective and the need to acknowledge views and practices of those considering themselves as spiritual but not religious are also highlighted. Different audiences may find this book relevant, for instance psychotherapists and those in charge of psychotherapy training programs wishing to integrate a spiritual perspective in clinical work independent from religious doctrines. Likewise, those interested in historical perspectives about the traditional exclusion of spirituality from clinical work as well as the current re-integration of non- dogmatic, fluid spiritual perspectives may find relevant information. The theoretical discussions and methodological explanations could be of interest for those considering to implement thematic analysis or to pursue qualitative studies from a collaborative and reflexive stance. Contents TABLE OVERVIEW DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION -RATIONALE AND CONTEXTUALIZATION CHAPTER II: SPIRITUALITY AND RELATED CONSTRUCTS CHAPTER III: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES on SPIRITUALITY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY CHAPTER IV: A SPIRITUAL REAWAKENING CHAPTER V: THEORETICAL INFLUENCES CHAPTER VI: METHODOLOGY AND METHODS CHAPTER VII: DATA ANALYSIS, QUALITY STANDARDS AND ETHICAL ISSUES CHAPTER VIII: FINDINGS-UNDERSTANDING SPIRITUALITY CHAPTER IX: FINDINGS- NAVIGATING THE SPIRITUAL CHAPTER X: FINDINGS ¿ INTEGRATING SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCES CHAPTER XI: DISCUSSION ¿ UNDERSTANDING SPIRITUALITY CHAPTER XII: DISCUSSION- NAVIGATING SPIRITUAL ISSUES IN SESSIONS CHAPTER XIII: DISCUSSION- INTEGRATING SPIRITUALITY and CRITICAL REMARKS CHAPTER XIV: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS and EVALUATION of the INQUIRY BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES