The Chemical Industry de C. A. Heaton

The Chemical Industry

C. A. Heaton

en Limba Engleză Paperback – 31 dec 1993

In this introduction to each of the major sectors of the chemical industry the authors cover the important chemistry, products, processes and relevant statistics. Each contributor draws on his/her extensive industrial experience to give a balanced coverage which is both easy to read and authoritative. New chapters on quality and safety issues, environmental issues and an extended chapter on chlor-alkali, sulphur and nitrogen industries, reflect the importance of these subjects today.

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Cuprins

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Development of the chemical industry.- 1.2 What the chemical industry does.- 1.3 Characteristics of the industry.- 1.4 Sectors of the industry.- 1.5 Conversion of chemicals into consumer products.- 1.6 The chemical industry.- 1.7 Quality and safety.- 1.8 Environmental aspects.- 1.9 The importance of team-work.- References.- 2 Quality and safety issues.- 2.1 Quality.- 2.2 Health and safety.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3 Environmental issues.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Some environmental disasters.- 3.3 Public response to the disasters.- 3.4 The chemical companies’ response.- 3.5 The way forward?.- 3.6 Conclusions.- References.- 4 Polymers.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Molecular weight of polymers.- 4.3 Chemistry of polymerization.- 4.4 Homopolymers and copolymers.- 4.5 Manufacture of polymers.- 4.6 Properties of polymers.- 4.7 Thermoset polymers and cross-linking.- 4.8 Elastomers (rubbers).- 4.9 Fibres.- 4.10 Present and future developments in polymer chemistry.- 5 Dyestuffs.- 5.1 Historical aspects.- 5.2 Classification and nomenclature of dyes.- 5.3 Colour and constitution.- 5.4 World production.- 5.5 Major products.- 5.6 Application and fastness properties.- 5.7 Dye manufacture.- 5.8 Current and future trends.- References.- 6 The sulphur, phosphorus, nitrogen and chlor-alkali industries.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Sulphuric acid.- 6.3 Phosphorus-containing compounds.- 6.4 Nitrogen-containing compounds.- 6.5 Chlor-alkali and related compounds.- 6.6 Conclusion.- 6.7 The future for basic chemicals.- Bibliography and recommended reading.- 7 Agrochemicals.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Present position of the industry.- 7.3 Discovery and development of new pesticides.- 7.3.1 Outline schemes.- 7.4 Fungicides.- 7.5 Herbicides.- 7.6 Insecticides.- 7.7 Pesticideresistance.- 7.8 Integrated pest management.- 7.9 The future.- References.- 8 The pharmaceutical industry.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 The world pharmaceutical market.- 8.3 The initiation of a project in the pharmaceutical industry.- 8.4 Financial and economic considerations.- 8.5 Health benefits.- 8.6 Future trends.- 8.7 Sources of information on drugs.- References and bibliography.- 9 Biological catalysis and biotechnology.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Microbial synthesis of primary metabolites.- 9.3 Microbial synthesis of secondary metabolites.- 9.4 Microbial synthesis of proteins.- 9.5 Microbial transformations.- 9.6 Enzymatic processes.- 9.7 Clean chemistry.- 9.8 Enzymes in unusual reaction conditions.- 9.9 Laboratory scale synthesis (the chiral switch).- 9.10 A new catalysis.- References.- 10 The future.- 10.1 Current situation.- 10.2 Significant influences.- 10.3 The future.