The Dynamics of Opportunity in America: Evidence and Perspectives
Editat de Irwin Kirsch, Henry Braunen Limba Engleză Hardback – 28 ian 2016
How did we get to a place where circumstances of birth have become so determinative? And what must we do, within communities and across our country, to better equalize opportunity for more Americans – both young and old? The editors of this volume contend that if, as a nation, we do nothing, then we will continue to drift apart, placing an unsustainable strain on the nation’s social fabric and the character of its democracy. Consequently, understanding the dynamics governing the distribution and transmission of opportunity – and transforming this understanding into policies and programs – is critical for not only the life outcomes of individual Americans and their children, but also the country as a whole.
The goal of Educational Testing Service’s Opportunity in America initiative is to explore these powerful dynamics and to describe and convey them in a way that advances the national conversation about why we must take action – and how best to do so. This volume contains 14 chapters, including anepilogue, written by leaders from a range of fields including education, economics, demography, and political science. Collectively, they not only illuminate key aspects of the problem but also offer suggestions of what policies, programs, and changes in practices could begin to reverse the trends we are seeing. Written in an engaging style, this volume constitutes an essential foundation for informed discussion and strategic analysis.
| Toate formatele și edițiile | Preț | Express |
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| Springer International Publishing – 28 ian 2016 | 422.89 lei 38-45 zile |
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9783319259895
ISBN-10: 331925989X
Pagini: 487
Ilustrații: XXVIII, 489 p. 86 illus., 18 illus. in color.
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 x 33 mm
Greutate: 1.11 kg
Ediția:1st ed. 2016
Editura: Springer International Publishing
Colecția Springer
Locul publicării:Cham, Switzerland
ISBN-10: 331925989X
Pagini: 487
Ilustrații: XXVIII, 489 p. 86 illus., 18 illus. in color.
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 x 33 mm
Greutate: 1.11 kg
Ediția:1st ed. 2016
Editura: Springer International Publishing
Colecția Springer
Locul publicării:Cham, Switzerland
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Cuprins
Dedication.- Preface; Irwin Kirsch and Henry Braun.- Editors' Note.- Table of Contents.- About the Editors and Contributors.- List of Figures.- List of Tables.- 1. Introduction: Opportunity in America – Setting the Stage; Henry Braun and Irwin Kirsch.- PART I: Understanding Where We Are Today.- 2. Segregation, Race, and the Social Worlds of Rich and Poor; Douglas S. Massey and Jonathan Tannen.- 3. Federalism and Inequality in Education: What Can History Tell Us?; Carl Kaestle.- 4. The Changing Distribution of Educational Opportunities: 1993-2012; Bruce Baker, Danielle Farrie, and David G. Sciarra.- 5. The Dynamics of Opportunity in America: A Working Framework; Henry Braun.- PART II: The Labor Market.- 6. Wages in the United States: Trends, Explanations, and Solutions; Jared Bernstein.- 7. The Widening Socioeconomic Divergence in the U.S. Labor Market; Ishwar Khatiwada and Andrew M. Sum.- PART III: Education and Opportunity.- 8. Gates, Gaps, and Intergenerational Mobility: The Importance of an Even Start; Timothy M. (Tim) Smeeding.- 9. Quality and Equality in American Education: Systemic Problems, Systemic Solutions; Jennifer O’Day and Marshall S. Smith.- 10. Restoring Opportunity by Expanding Apprenticeship; Robert I. Lerman.- 11. Improving Economic Opportunity through Better Human Capital Investments for the Labor Market; Harry Holzer.- PART IV: Politics and the Road Ahead.- 12. Political and Policy Responses to Problems of Inequality and Opportunity: Past, Present, and Future; Leslie McCall.- 13. How Will We Know? The Case for Opportunity Indicators; Richard V. Reeves.- PART V: Seeking Inclusive Prosperity.- 14. Epilogue: Can Capitalists Reform Themselves?; Chrystia Freeland.- Appendix: Members of the Opportunity in America Advisory Panel.- Index.
Notă biografică
Editors
Irwin Kirsch is Tyler Chair in Large-Scale Assessment and Director of theCenter for Global Assessment at Educational Testing Service (ETS). He alsoserves as Project Director of ETS’s Opportunity in America initiative.
Henry Braun is Boisi Professor of Education and Public Policy in theLynch School of Education and Director of the Center for the Study of Testing,Evaluation, and Education Policy at Boston College. He also serves as ProjectCo-Director of ETS’s Opportunity in America initiative.
Contributors
Bruce Baker is Professor at the Graduate School of Education at RutgersUniversity and maintains blogs on school finance and educational policy.
Jared Bernstein is a Senior Fellow at the Center on Budget and PolicyPriorities. He previously served as Chief Economist and Economic Adviser toVice President Joe Biden.
Danielle Farrie is Research Director of the Education Law Center inNewark, New Jersey.
Chrystia Freeland is the Canadian Minister of International Trade andMember of Parliament for University-Rosedale, Toronto, author of Plutocrats:The Rise of the New Global Super-rich and the Fall of Everyone Else, andjournalist.
Harry J. Holzer is Professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy atGeorgetown University and is an Institute Fellow at the American Institutes forResearch. He previously served as Chief Economist at the U.S. Department ofLabor.
Carl Kaestle is University Professor of Education, History, and PublicPolicy emeritus at Brown University.
Ishwar Khatiwada is a Labor Economist at the Center for Labor Marketsand Policy at Drexel University.
Robert I. Lerman is an Institute Fellow at the Urban Institute, EmeritusProfessor of Economics at American University, and a Research Fellow at IZA inBonn, Germany. He is also the Founder of the American Institute for InnovativeApprenticeship.
Douglas S. Massey is the Henry G. Bryant Professor of Sociology andPublic Affairs at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public andInternational Affairs.
Leslie McCall is a Professor in the Department of Sociology and FacultyFellow at the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University.
Jennifer A. O’Day is an Institute Fellow of the American Institutes forResearch and is the Founder and Chair of the California Collaborative onDistrict Reform.
Richard V. Reeves is a Senior Fellow in Economic Studies, Co-Director ofthe Center on Children and Families, and Editor-in-Chief of the Social MobilityMemos blog at the Brookings Institution.
David G. Sciarra is Executive Director of the Education Law Center inNewark, New Jersey.
Timothy M. (Tim) Smeeding is the Arts and Sciences DistinguishedProfessor of Public Affairs and Economics at the University ofWisconsin-Madison. He was previously Director of the Institute for Research onPoverty at Wisconsin-Madison.
Marshall S. Smith is a Senior Scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for theAdvancement of Teaching, a former Dean and Professor at Stanford, and a formerUnder Secretary and Acting Deputy Secretary at the U.S. Department of Educationin the Clinton administration. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Artsand Sciences and the National Academy of Education.
Andrew M. Sum is Professor Emeritus of Economics at NortheasternUniversity in Boston. He was previously the Director of the Center for LaborMarket Studies.
Jonathan Tannen is a Doctoral Candidate in the Urban and Populationclusters of the Woodrow Wilson School and the Office of Population Research atPrinceton University.
Irwin Kirsch is Tyler Chair in Large-Scale Assessment and Director of theCenter for Global Assessment at Educational Testing Service (ETS). He alsoserves as Project Director of ETS’s Opportunity in America initiative.
Henry Braun is Boisi Professor of Education and Public Policy in theLynch School of Education and Director of the Center for the Study of Testing,Evaluation, and Education Policy at Boston College. He also serves as ProjectCo-Director of ETS’s Opportunity in America initiative.
Contributors
Bruce Baker is Professor at the Graduate School of Education at RutgersUniversity and maintains blogs on school finance and educational policy.
Jared Bernstein is a Senior Fellow at the Center on Budget and PolicyPriorities. He previously served as Chief Economist and Economic Adviser toVice President Joe Biden.
Danielle Farrie is Research Director of the Education Law Center inNewark, New Jersey.
Chrystia Freeland is the Canadian Minister of International Trade andMember of Parliament for University-Rosedale, Toronto, author of Plutocrats:The Rise of the New Global Super-rich and the Fall of Everyone Else, andjournalist.
Harry J. Holzer is Professor at the McCourt School of Public Policy atGeorgetown University and is an Institute Fellow at the American Institutes forResearch. He previously served as Chief Economist at the U.S. Department ofLabor.
Carl Kaestle is University Professor of Education, History, and PublicPolicy emeritus at Brown University.
Ishwar Khatiwada is a Labor Economist at the Center for Labor Marketsand Policy at Drexel University.
Robert I. Lerman is an Institute Fellow at the Urban Institute, EmeritusProfessor of Economics at American University, and a Research Fellow at IZA inBonn, Germany. He is also the Founder of the American Institute for InnovativeApprenticeship.
Douglas S. Massey is the Henry G. Bryant Professor of Sociology andPublic Affairs at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public andInternational Affairs.
Leslie McCall is a Professor in the Department of Sociology and FacultyFellow at the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University.
Jennifer A. O’Day is an Institute Fellow of the American Institutes forResearch and is the Founder and Chair of the California Collaborative onDistrict Reform.
Richard V. Reeves is a Senior Fellow in Economic Studies, Co-Director ofthe Center on Children and Families, and Editor-in-Chief of the Social MobilityMemos blog at the Brookings Institution.
David G. Sciarra is Executive Director of the Education Law Center inNewark, New Jersey.
Timothy M. (Tim) Smeeding is the Arts and Sciences DistinguishedProfessor of Public Affairs and Economics at the University ofWisconsin-Madison. He was previously Director of the Institute for Research onPoverty at Wisconsin-Madison.
Marshall S. Smith is a Senior Scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for theAdvancement of Teaching, a former Dean and Professor at Stanford, and a formerUnder Secretary and Acting Deputy Secretary at the U.S. Department of Educationin the Clinton administration. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Artsand Sciences and the National Academy of Education.
Andrew M. Sum is Professor Emeritus of Economics at NortheasternUniversity in Boston. He was previously the Director of the Center for LaborMarket Studies.
Jonathan Tannen is a Doctoral Candidate in the Urban and Populationclusters of the Woodrow Wilson School and the Office of Population Research atPrinceton University.
Textul de pe ultima copertă
Across the country, our children are beginning life from very different starting points. Some have aspirations and believe they can be achieved. For too many others, aspirations are tempered, if not dashed, by the sobering realities of everyday life. These different starting points place children on distinctly different trajectories of growth and development, ultimately leading to vastly different adult outcomes.
How did we get to a place where circumstances of birth have become so determinative? And what must we do, within communities and across our country, to better equalize opportunity for more Americans – both young and old? The editors of this volume contend that if, as a nation, we do nothing, then we will continue to drift apart, placing an unsustainable strain on the nation’s social fabric and the character of its democracy. Consequently, understanding the dynamics governing the distribution and transmission of opportunity – and transforming this understanding into policies and programs – is critical for not only the life outcomes of individual Americans and their children, but also the country as a whole.
The goal of Educational Testing Service’s Opportunity in America initiative is to explore these powerful dynamics and to describe and convey them in a way that advances the national conversation about why we must take action – and how best to do so. This volume contains 14 chapters, including an epilogue, written by leaders from a range of fields including education, economics, demography, and political science. Collectively, they not only illuminate key aspects of the problem but also offer suggestions of what policies, programs, and changes in practices could begin to reverse the trends we are seeing. Written in an engaging style, this volume constitutes an essential foundation for informed discussion and strategic analysis.
Caracteristici
Addresses what may be the civil rights issue of our time – inequality of opportunity and its impact on growing numbers of Americans, future generations, and the nation as a whole
Expertise provided by individuals representing a range of areas, including economics, education, demography, and public policy
Provides a balanced foundation for understanding a topic of high public policy interest
Expertise provided by individuals representing a range of areas, including economics, education, demography, and public policy
Provides a balanced foundation for understanding a topic of high public policy interest