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The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies de Marcel Mauss

The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies

Autor Marcel Mauss Mary Douglas Traducere de W. D. Halls
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 31 iul 2000

A brilliant example of the comparative method, ?The Gift? presents the first systematic study of the custom widespread in primitive societies from ancient Rome to present-day Melanesia of exchanging gifts. The gift is a perfect example of what Mauss calls a total social phenomenon, since it involves legal, economic, moral, religious, aesthetic, and other dimensions. He sees the gift exchange as related to individuals and groups as much as to the objects themselves, and his analysis calls into question the social conventions and economic systems that had been taken for granted for so many years. In a modern translation, introduced by distinguished anthropologist Mary Douglas, ?The Gift?is essential reading for students of social anthropology and sociology."

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780393320435
ISBN-10: 039332043X
Pagini: 164
Dimensiuni: 139 x 212 x 12 mm
Greutate: 0.18 kg
Editura: W. W. Norton & Company

Notă biografică

Cuprins

Foreword: Puzzles and Pathways by Bill Maurer
Translator’s Introduction: The Gift that Keeps on Giving by Jane I. Guyer

Part I: In Memoriam
In Memoriam: The Unpublished Work of Durkheim and His Collaborators

Part II: Essay on the Gift: The Form and Sense of Exchange in Archaic Societies
Introduction: Of the Gift, and in Particular of the Obligation to Return Presents
Chapter 1: The Gifts Exchanged and the Obligation to Return Them (Polynesia)
Chapter 2: The Extent of This System: Liberality, Honor, Money
Chapter 3: Survivals of These Principles in Ancient Law and Ancient Economies
Chapter 4: Conclusion

Part III: Selected Reviews
A Selection of Reviews by Marcel Mauss

Recenzii

"Among the most welcome features of this third English translation of Mauss’s classic is Jane Guyer’s decision to re-embed the Essai sur le don: forme et raison de l’échange dans les sociétés archaiques in its original setting in the journal L’Année Sociologique as published in 1925. Her translation and discussion of some of the original framing materials (twenty pages of moving tributes to deceased colleagues before the Essai, and another twenty pages of book reviews at the end) demonstrate more effectively than the earlier English editions both the significance of the timing of this publication in the aftermath of the Great War and its centrality to the Durkheimian school. It was not possible to include all of the voluminous book reviews, and some of the excerpts are extremely brief, but, with the help of research assistants, Guyer has managed to track down the original English of most of Mauss’s quotations. Unlike previous translators, she contributes a substantial introduction, in which she elaborates on the difficulties of rendering Mauss’s text in English."

"Guyer’s decision to produce a new translation arose from a conviction that this contextualization—particularly the memorial and select reviews from Mauss—is critical for understanding The Gift itself. Mauss, Guyer argues, was writing out of an urgent need to find inspiration from other parts of the world, that Europeans might learn “to confront one another without massacring each other” (2016: 197). The new translation thus importantly changes the emphasis within the text. What was a round-the-world-ticket collection of notable instances of exchange—the accuracy and veracity of which have already been endlessly debated—emerges as a passionate political treatise written at a poignant moment in European history."

"When is ethnographic theory? At a time at which so much of our theoretical development involves rethinking our disciplinary past, our answer might involve a kind of museum archaeology. Just as the archaeologist understands a museum object as the duration of an idea, so too anthropological knowledge can be conceived as a form of revisitation: a mediated, political and transformative return (Hicks 2016). In 1972, Marshall Sahlins wrote that Mauss’s Essay ‘remains a source of an unending ponderation for the anthropologist du metier, compelled as if by the hau of the thing to come back to it again and again’ (Sahlins 1972: 149). Today, we might use Mauss’s account of archaism to reimagine residuality and reciprocity. Mauss and Guyer show us that the translator is always both donor and recipient. There is a force, just like the force in the gift, in anthropological knowledge. The return of ethnographic theory brings new obligations to our disciplinary past, through the fulfilment of which that past and our present become less stable than we might imagine."

Descriere

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2011 Reprint of 1954 American Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. This is perhaps the first systematic study of the custom, widespread in primitive societies from ancient Rome to present-day Melanesia, of exchanging gifts. The gift is conceived as a transaction forming part of all human, personal relationships between individuals and groups. These gift exchanges are at the same time moral, economic, juridical, aesthetic, religious, mythological and social phenomena. A classic work.