The New Advanced Society: Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Internet of Things Paradigm: Wiley-Scrivener

Sandeep Kumar Panda, PhD is an associate professor in the Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at IcfaiTech (Faculty of Science and Technology), ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad. His research areas include Artificial Intelligence, IoT, Blockchain Technology, Cloud Computing, Cryptography, Computational Intelligence, and Software Engineering. Ramesh Kumar Mohapatra, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India. His research interests include Optical Character Recognition, Document Image Analysis, Video Processing, Secure Computing, Machine Learning. Subhrakanta Panda, PhD is an assistant professor in the department of Computer Science and Information Systems, BITS-PILANI, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, INDIA. His research interests include Social Network Analysis, Cloud Computing, Security Testing, Blockchain. S. Balamurugan, PhD is the Director of Research and Development, Intelligent Research Consultancy Services (iRCS), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He is also Director of the Albert Einstein Engineering and Research Labs (AEER Labs), as well as Vice-Chairman, Renewable Energy Society of India (RESI), India. He has published 45 books, 200+ international journals/ conferences, and 35 patents.

Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxiii 1 Post Pandemic: The New Advanced Society 1 Sujata Priyambada Dash 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Themes 2 1.1.1.1 Theme: Areas of Management 2 1.1.1.2 Theme: Financial Institutions Cyber Crime 3 1.1.1.3 Theme: Economic Notion 4 1.1.1.4 Theme: Human Depression 6 1.1.1.5 Theme: Migrant Labor 7 1.1.1.6 Theme: Digital Transformation (DT) of Educational Institutions 9 1.1.1.7 School and Colleges Closures 11 1.2 Conclusions 12 References 12 2 Distributed Ledger Technology in the Construction Industry Using Corda 15 Sandeep Kumar Panda, Shanmukhi Priya Daliyet, Shagun S. Lokre and Vihas Naman 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Prerequisites 16 2.2.1 DLT vs Blockchain 17 2.3 Key Points of Corda 18 2.3.1 Some Salient Features of Corda 20 2.3.2 States 20 2.3.3 Contract 22 2.3.3.1 Create and Assign Task (CAT) Contract 22 2.3.3.2 Request for Cash (RT) Contract 23 2.3.3.3 Transfer of Cash (TT) Contract 24 2.3.3.4 Updation of the Task (UOT) Contract 24 2.3.4 Flows 25 2.3.4.1 Flow Associated With CAT Contract 25 2.3.4.2 Flow Associated With RT Contract 26 2.3.4.3 Flow Associated With TT Contract 26 2.3.4.4 Flow Associated With UOT Contract 26 2.4 Implementation 26 2.4.1 System Overview 27 2.4.2 Working Flowchart 28 2.4.3 Experimental Demonstration 29 2.5 Future Work 35 2.6 Conclusion 36 References 37 3 Identity and Access Management for Internet of Things Cloud 43 Soumya Prakash Otta and Subhrakanta Panda 3.1 Introduction 44 3.2 Internet of Things (IoT) Security 45 3.2.1 IoT Security Overview 45 3.2.2 IoT Security Requirements 46 3.2.3 Securing the IoT Infrastructure 49 3.3 IoT Cloud 49 3.3.1 Cloudification of IoT 50 3.3.2 Commercial IoT Clouds 52 3.3.3 IAM of IoT Clouds 54 3.4 IoT Cloud Related Developments 55 3.5 Proposed Method for IoT Cloud IAM 58 3.5.1 Distributed Ledger Approach for IoT Security 59 3.5.2 Blockchain for IoT Security Solution 60 3.5.3 Proposed Distributed Ledger-Based IoT Cloud IAM 62 3.6 Conclusion 64 References 65 4 Automated TSR Using DNN Approach for Intelligent Vehicles 67 Banhi Sanyal, Piyush R. Biswal, R.K. Mohapatra, Ratnakar Dash and Ankush Agarwalla 4.1 Introduction 68 4.2 Literature Survey 69 4.3 Neural Network (NN) 70 4.4 Methodology 71 4.4.1 System Architecture 71 4.4.2 Database 71 4.5 Experiments and Results 71 4.5.1 FFNN 74 4.5.2 RNN 76 4.5.3 CNN 76 4.5.4 CNN 76 4.5.5 Pre-Trained Models 79 4.6 Discussion 79 4.7 Conclusion 80 References 88 5 Honeypot: A Trap for Attackers 91 Anjanna Matta, G. Sucharitha, Bandlamudi Greeshmanjali, Manji Prashanth Kumar and Mathi Naga Sarath Kumar 5.1 Introduction 92 5.1.1 Research Honeypots 93 5.1.2 Production Honeypots 93 5.2 Method 94 5.2.1 Low-Interaction Honeypots 94 5.2.2 Medium-Interaction Honeypots 95 5.2.3 High-Interaction Honeypots 95 5.3 Cryptanalysis 96 5.3.1 System Architecture 96 5.3.2 Possible Attacks on Honeypot 97 5.3.3 Advantages of Honeypots 98 5.3.4 Disadvantages of Honeypots 99 5.4 Conclusions 99 References 100 6 Examining Security Aspect in Industrial-Based Internet of Things 103 Rohini Jha 6.1 Introduction 104 6.2 Process Frame of IoT Before Security 105 6.2.1 Cyber Attack 107 6.2.2 Security Assessment in IoT 107 6.2.2.1 Security in Perception and Network Frame 108 6.3 Attacks and Security Assessments in IIoT 111 6.3.1 IoT Security Techniques Analysis Based on its Merits 111 6.4 Conclusion 116 References 119 7 A Cooperative Navigation for Multi-Robots in Unknown Environments Using Hybrid Jaya-DE Algorithm 123 D. Chandrasekhar Rao 7.1 Introduction 124 7.2 Related Works 126 7.3 Problem Formulation 130 7.4 Multi-Robot Navigation Employing Hybrid Jaya-DE Algorithm 134 7.4.1 Basic Jaya Algorithm 134 7.5 Hybrid Jaya-DE 136 7.5.1 Mutation 136 7.5.2 Crossover 136 7.5.3 Selection 137 7.6 Simulation Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Jaya-DE Algorithm 139 7.7 Total Navigation Path Deviation (TNPD) 147 7.8 Average Unexplored Goal Distance (AUGD) 148 7.9 Conclusion 159 References 159 8 Categorization Model for Parkinson's Disease Occurrence and Severity Prediction 163 Prashant Kumar Shrivastava, Ashish Chaturvedi, Megha Kamble and Megha Jain 8.1 Introduction 164 8.2 Applications 166 8.2.1 Machine Learning in PD Diagnosis 166 8.2.2 Challenges of PD Detection 169 8.2.3 Structuring of UPDRS Score 170 8.3 Methodology 173 8.3.1 Overview of Data Driven Intelligence 173 8.3.2 Comparison Between Deep Learning and Traditional Machine 175 8.3.3 Deep Learning for PD Diagnosis 176 8.3.4 Convolution Neural Network for PD Diagnosis 176 8.4 Proposed Models 178 8.4.1 Classification of Patient and Healthy Controls 178 8.4.2 Severity Score Classification 181 8.5 Results and Discussion 184 8.5.1 Performance Measures 185 8.5.2 Graphical Results 187 8.6 Conclusion 187 References 187 9 AI-Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring Using Ground-Based and Remotely Sensed Images 191 Shounak Chakraborty, Nikumani Choudhury and Indrajit Kalita 9.1 Introduction 192 9.2 Automatic Land-Cover Classification Techniques Using Remotely Sensed Images 194 9.3 Deep Learning-Based Agriculture Monitoring 196 9.4 Adaptive Approaches for Multi-Modal Classification 197 9.4.1 Unsupervised DA 199 9.4.2 Semi-Supervised DA 200 9.4.3 Active Learning-Based DA 201 9.5 System Model 202 9.6 IEEE 802.15.4 204 9.6.1 802.15.4 MAC 204 9.6.2 DSME MAC 205 9.6.3 TSCH MAC 206 9.7 Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 for Smart Agriculture 207 9.7.1 Effect of Device Specification 207 9.7.1.1 Low-Power 208 9.7.2 Effect of MAC Protocols 208 9.8 Experimental Results 209 9.9 Conclusion & Future Directions 212 References 212 10 Car Buying Criteria Evaluation Using Machine Learning Approach 223 Samdeep Kumar Panda 10.1 Introduction 224 10.2 Literature Survey 225 10.3 Proposed Method 226 10.4 Dataset 227 10.5 Exploratory Data Analysis 227 10.6 Splitting of Data Into Training Data and Test Data 230 10.7 Pre-Processing 232 10.8 Training of Our Models 232 10.8.1 Gaussian Naïve Bayes 233 10.8.2 Decision Tree Classifier 234 10.8.3 Tuning the Model 235 10.8.4 Karnough Nearest Neighbor Classifier 236 10.8.5 Tuning the Model 237 10.8.6 Neural Network 238 10.8.7 Tuning the Model 239 10.9 Result Analysis 240 10.9.1 Confusion Matrix 240 10.9.2 Gaussian Naïve Bayes 241 10.9.3 Decision Tree Classifier 242 10.9.4 Karnough Nearest Neighbor Classifier 242 10.9.5 Neural Network 242 10.9.6 Accuracy Scores 243 10.10 Conclusion and Future Work 244 References 244 11 Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Paradigm Shift in Election Campaigns 247 Md. Safiullah and Neha Parveen 11.1 Introduction 248 11.2 Big Data Reveals the Voters' Preference 249 11.2.1 Use of Software Applications in Election Campaigns 251 11.2.1.1 Team Joe App 252 11.2.1.2 Trump 2020 252 11.2.1.3 Modi App 253 11.3 Deep Fakes and Election Campaigns 254 11.3.1 Deep Fake in Delhi Elections 254 11.4 Social Media Bots 256 11.5 Future of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Election Campaigns 259 References 259 12 Impact of Optimized Segment Routing in Software Defined Network 263 Amrutanshu Panigrahi, Bibhuprasad Sahu, Satya Sobhan Panigrahi, Ajay Kumar Jena and Md. Sahil Khan 12.1 Introduction 264 12.2 Software-Defined Network 266 12.3 SDN Architecture 268 12.4 Segment Routing 270 12.5 Segment Routing in SDN 272 12.6 Traffic Engineering in SDN 274 12.7 Segment Routing Protocol 275 12.8 Simulation and Result 277 12.9 Conclusion and Future Work 278 References 283 13 An Investigation into COVID-19 Pandemic in India 289 Shubhangi V. Urkude, Vijaykumar R. Urkude, S. Vairachilai and Sandeep Kumar Panda 13.1 Introduction 289 13.1.1 Symptoms of COVID-19 292 13.1.2 Precautionary Measures 292 13.1.3 Ways of Spreading the Coronavirus 294 13.2 Literature Survey 295 13.3 Technologies Used to Fight COVID-19 296 13.3.1 Robots 296 13.3.2 Drone Technology 297 13.3.3 Crowd Surveillance 297 13.3.4 Spraying the Disinfectant 298 13.3.5 Sanitizing the Contaminated Areas 298 13.3.6 Monitoring Temperature Using Thermal Camera 298 13.3.7 Delivering the Essential Things 298 13.3.8 Public Announcement in the Infected Areas 298 13.4 Impact of COVID-19 on Business 299 13.4.1 Impact on Financial Markets 299 13.4.2 Impact on Supply Side 299 13.4.3 Impact on Demand Side 300 13.4.4 Impact on International Trade 300 13.5 Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Economy 300 13.6 Data and Result Analysis 300 13.7 Conclusion and Future Scope 304 References 304 14 Skin Cancer Classification: Analysis of Different CNN Models via Classification Accuracy 307 Poonam Biswal, Monali Saha, Nishtha Jaiswal and Minakhi Rout 14.1 Introduction 307 14.2 Literature Survey 308 14.3 Methodology 310 14.3.1 Dataset Preparation 310 14.3.2 Dataset Loading and Data Pre-Processing 311 14.3.3 Creating Models 312 14.4 Models Used 312 14.5 Simulation Results 313 14.5.1 Changing Size of MaxPool2D(n,n) 314 14.5.2 Changing Size of AveragePool2D(n,n) 314 14.5.3 Changing Number of con2d(32n-64n) Layers 315 14.5.4 Changing Number of con2d-32*n Layers 315 14.5.5 ROC Curves and MSE Curves 318 14.6 Conclusion 321 References 321 15 Route Mapping of Multiple Humanoid Robots Using Firefly-Based Artificial Potential Field Algorithm in a Cluttered Terrain 323 Abhishek Kumar Kashyap, Anish Pandey and Dayal R. Parhi 15.1 Introduction 324 15.2 Design of Proposed Algorithm 328 15.2.1 Mechanism of Artificial Potential Field 328 15.2.1.1 Potential Field Generated by Attractive Force of Goal 329 15.2.1.2 Potential Field Generated by Repulsive Force of Obstacle 331 15.2.2 Mechanism of Firefly Algorithm 332 15.2.2.1 Architecture of Optimization Problem Based on Firefly Algorithm 335 15.2.3 Dining Philosopher Controller 337 15.3 Hybridization Process of Proposed Algorithm 339 15.4 Execution of Proposed Algorithm in Multiple Humanoid Robots 339 15.5 Comparison 344 15.6 Conclusion 346 References 346 16 Innovative Practices in Education Systems Using Artificial Intelligence for Advanced Society 351 Vinutha D.C., Kavyashree S., Vijay C.P. and G.T. Raju 16.1 Introduction 352 16.2 Literature Survey 353 16.2.1 AI in Auto-Grading 354 16.2.2 AI in Smart Content 356 16.2.3 AI in Auto Analysis on Student's Grade 356 16.2.4 AI Extends Free Intelligent Tutoring 357 16.2.5 AI in Predicting Student Admission and Drop-Out Rate 359 16.3 Proposed System 359 16.3.1 Data Collection Module 360 16.3.2 Data Pre-Processing Module 364 16.3.3 Clustering Module 364 16.3.4 Partner Selection Module 366 16.4 Results 368 16.5 Future Enhancements 370 16.6 Conclusion 370 References 371 17 PSO-Based Hybrid Weighted k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Workload Prediction in Cloud Infrastructures 373 N. Yamuna, J. Antony Vijay and B. Gomathi 17.1 Introduction 374 17.2 Literature Survey 375 17.2.1 Machine Learning 378 17.3 Proposed System 379 17.3.1 Load Aware Cloud Computing Model 379 17.3.2 Wavelet Neural Network 379 17.3.3 Evaluation Using LOOCV Model 380 17.3.4 k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) Algorithm 381 17.3.5 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm 382 17.3.6 HWkNN Optimization Algorithm Based on PSO 383 17.3.7 PSO-Based HWkNN (PHWkNN) Load Prediction Algorithm 384 17.4 Experimental Results 385 17.5 Conclusion 390 References 391 18 An Extensive Survey on the Prediction of Bankruptcy 395 Sasmita Manjari Nayak and Minakhi Rout 18.1 Introduction 395 18.2 Literature Survey 397 18.2.1 Data Pre-Processing 397 18.2.1.1 Balancing of Imbalanced Dataset 397 18.2.1.2 Outlier Data Handling 410 18.2.2 Classifiers 418 18.2.3 Ensemble Models 422 18.3 System Architecture and Simulation Results 438 18.4 Conclusion 438 References 443 19 Future of Indian Agriculture Using AI and Machine Learning Tools and Techniques 447 Manoj Kumar, Pratibha Maurya and Rinki Verma 19.1 Introduction 448 19.2 Overview of AI and Machine Learning 450 19.3 Review of Literature 452 19.4 Application of AI & Machine Learning in Agriculture 456 19.5 Current Scenario and Emerging Trends of AI and ML in Indian Agriculture Sector 460 19.6 Opportunities for Agricultural Operations in India 465 19.7 Conclusion 466 References 467 Index 473