This study provides a basic diagnostic of access to safe water and sanitation in Uganda and their relationship with poverty. The analysis relies on a series of nationally representative household surveys for the period 2002-13, as well as on qualitative data collection. The study first analyzes trends in access to safe water and some of the constraints faced by households in this area using mostly household survey data. The issue of the cost of water for households without a connection to the water network is discussed with a focus on public stand pipes. Next qualitative data are presented on the obstacles faced by households in accessing safe water. The last two chapters are devoted to sanitation. As for safe water, the focus is first on household survey data about sanitation, including with respect to toilets, bathrooms, waste disposal, and hand washing, and next on an analysis of qualitative data from focus groups and key informants. Finally, the study reviews some of the policies and programs that have been implemented in order to provide access to water and sanitation for the poor as well as options going forward.