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Black Autonomy: Race, Gender, and Afro-Nicaraguan Activism de Jennifer Goett

Black Autonomy: Race, Gender, and Afro-Nicaraguan Activism

Autor Jennifer Goett
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 29 noi 2016
Decades after the first multicultural reforms were introduced in Latin America, Afrodescendant people from the region are still disproportionately impoverished, underserved, policed, and incarcerated. In Nicaragua, Afrodescendants have mobilized to confront this state of siege through the politics of black autonomy. For women and men grappling with postwar violence, black autonomy has its own cultural meanings as a political aspiration and a way of crafting selfhood and solidarity.

Jennifer Goett's ethnography examines the race and gender politics of activism for autonomous rights in an Afrodescedant Creole community in Nicaragua. Weaving together fifteen years of research, Black Autonomy follows this community-based movement from its inception in the late 1990s to its realization as an autonomous territory in 2009 and beyond. Goett argues that despite significant gains in multicultural recognition, Afro-Nicaraguan Creoles continue to grapple with the day-to-day violence of capitalist intensification, racialized policing, and drug war militarization in their territories. Activists have responded by adopting a politics of autonomy based on race pride, territoriality, self-determination, and self-defense. Black Autonomy shows how this political radicalism is rooted in African diasporic identification and gendered cultural practices that women and men use to assert control over their bodies, labor, and spaces in an atmosphere of violence.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781503600546
ISBN-10: 1503600548
Pagini: 240
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.34 kg
Editura: Stanford University Press
Colecția Stanford University Press

Recenzii

"Jennifer Goett's fine book shows, with vivid ethnography, how Afro-Nicaraguan political mobilization is inspired by the vernacular cultural practices of women and men. Her book provides penetrating insight into the way multiculturalist reforms that give rights to racialized minorities coexist with rapacious and punitive forms of 'development,' by state and private sector interests, operating in transnational and gendered circuits of geopolitics and capital."—Peter Wade, University of Manchester

"Black Autonomy is a powerfully argued and beautifully written entrée to the intimate social worlds of people struggling for livelihood and autonomy on Nicaragua's Atlantic coast. Taking readers into the inner lives of local residents, Jennifer Goett explores how gender-based solidarity is produced and mobilized to challenge military occupation, counternarcotics policing, and sexual violence. Through feminist activist ethnography, Goett effectively conveys the voices and experiences of local actors while significantly advancing our understanding of what it takes to commit anthropology's resources to local projects of liberation."—Daniel M. Goldstein, Rutgers University

"Black Autonomy powerfully interrogates the regionally and racially disparate effects of neoliberalism, drug war capitalism, state securitization, and state-sanctioned sexual violence in post-Cold War Nicaragua. Jennifer Goett presents a compelling analysis of the gendered struggle of Afrodescendants, particularly Creoles, for full rights of multicultural citizenship, including territorial autonomy. Goett's feminist activist ethnography is an important contribution to studies of post-conflict Central America and the African diaspora."—Faye V. Harrison, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Notă biografică

Jennifer Goett is Associate Professor of Comparative Cultures and Politics at James Madison College, Michigan State University.

Cuprins

Contents and Abstracts
Introduction
chapter abstract

This chapter provides an introduction to Monkey Point, including a discussion of the feminist activist research methodologies used. It contextualizes community activism within debates about ethnic autonomy regimes in Latin America and develops new theoretical insights on the relationship between security and capitalist intensification in postwar Nicaragua. Specifically, the chapter locates the emergence of a politics of black autonomy within wider processes of postwar governance. It analyzes the transition from the neoliberal right to the socialist left in 2007, arguing that there has been a shift in political discourse, but clear continuities in capitalist development and security policy. The chapter ends with an overview of the book, which is broadly chronological, beginning with women's mobilization in the late 1990s and ending with resistance to military occupation in the early 2010s.

1Women's Origin Stories
chapter abstract

This chapter examines the community's past via the oral histories of three women elders who led the first wave of land rights activism in the late 1990s. It shows how diasporic subjectivities rooted in social memories of slavery, migration, and race, class, and gender oppression drive community activism for autonomous rights.Accounts of racialized domestic servitude and labor run throughout the stories, providing a narrative thread that links six generations of community women. Each woman tells these histories in ways that are both politically strategic and pedagogic in the present. For instance, they represent female ancestors as forceful political agents and, in doing so, shore up their own leadership positions, which are often contested by community men.They make race, class, and gender subordination visible as past sites of struggle, and thus urge younger generations to embrace these expressions of diasporic historical consciousness as grounds for contemporary autonomous rights.

2"Bad Boys" and Direct Resistance
chapter abstract

This chapter focuses on young men's cultural practices and their armed resistance to the speculation of community lands by outside venture capitalists in the early 2000s. Many of the men involved in these acts of direct resistance are known as "bad boys," a countercultural identity that the men embrace and reproduce in their oppositional politics, personal style, and diasporic investments in popular culture. For these men, Monkey Point is an autonomous rural space where they can go to recover from drug abuse and escape the degradation of being poor and heavily policed in Bluefields. They are perhaps unlikely protagonists in the making of a social movement, but their direct resistance to land speculation signaled a deepening radicalism in community politics and an emergent political strategy for dealing with some of the worst abuses of the postwar state.

3Life on the Edge of the Global Economy
chapter abstract

This chapter examines women's sociality as an autonomous sphere of self-valorization that is resistant to capitalist and patriarchal social relations and values. For women, livelihood politics are enmeshed in dense networks of gendered sociality and intimacy, where reciprocity and shared affective labor between women are central to survival under conditions of capitalist intensification. Women's sociality makes it possible to live independently of men and undermines a racial and gender division of labor that promotes wageless Creole women's subordination to male wage earners. The chapter argues that women's sociality is not a mere adaption to oppressive systems because it produces pleasure, self-respect, and solidarity and thus has autonomous social logics. As an affirmative practice rooted in working class Creole culture, it drives women's activism and their demands for collective rights.

4From Cold Wars to Drug Wars
chapter abstract

This chapter tracks shifting security paradigms by drawing on narratives from community men who fought as contra during the 1980s and are now the targets of counternarcotics policing. Their accounts give intimate insight into how drug war violence and policing are historical outgrowths of cold war conflict and US intervention in Central America. Wartime stories show that coercion and physical violence were unavoidable for most Monkey Point men, as their age, gender, race, and class overdetermined their roles as Sandinista soldiers, contra fighters, draft evaders, deserters, and refugees. But rather than bringing peace and security, refuge in Costa Rica and repatriation to Nicaragua in the late 1980s and early 1990s signaled the demise of one securitized masculine subject (enemy combatant) and the rise of another (drug trafficker), producing new forms of securitized social control.

5Sexual Violence and Autonomous Politics
chapter abstract

This chapter shows how ordinary life in Monkey Point was saturated and interrupted by military occupation and state sexual violence in the late 2000s. Drawing on racialized and sexualized fantasy, the occupation targeted local women and girls as objects of sexual domination, cast local men as masculine subordinates and racialized security threats, and promoted heteropatriarchal forms of mestizo territorial sovereignty. The soldier's abuse of girls initially followed preexisting patterns of gendered and sexual violence in the community before erupting into exceptional violence that provoked a public politics of opposition to the state. Diverse advocates for the girls struggled to fully decipher and politicize the racial, gendered, and sexual articulation of violence under military occupation, and state institutional power promoted impunity for mestizo state actors.

Epilogue
chapter abstract

The epilogue reflects on the impact of more than a decade of community mobilization. It assesses the political opportunities and potential entrapments that recognition offers as community people continue to confront violence and systemic inequality in their territory. It further points to a reservoir of political knowledge and agency embedded in vernacular practice, gendered subjectivity, and black diasporic identification that challenges oppressive systems and suggests that territorial recognition can serve as a strategic asset that emboldens and radicalizes black autonomy and as a governance strategy that may facilitate the expansion of state and capitalist power. The tension between these two outcomes is likely to shape the contours of future struggle in the region.