C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein produced as part of the inflammatory process. It is a routine test for heart failure; high levels of CRP may predict a bad outcome. (However, it is an unreliable test for heart failure, because inflammation from other causes also raises CRP.) CRP is a plasma protein, an acute phase protein produced by the liver and by adipocytes. It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins. It is not related to C-peptide or protein C. This book presents the latest research from around the world in this field.