This volume contains the proceedings of an international symposium held at Leuven University on November 30 - December 2, 2011. The contributors are I. Dunderberg, J. Frey, S. Freyne, P. Herz, N. Huttunen, J.S. Kloppenborg, D.-A. Koch, M. Labahn, A. Lindemann, T. Nicklas, C.M. Tuckett, S. Witetschek, and T. Witulski. They deal with various aspects of this fascinating topic that has received much attention in recent years. Among the topics addressed are: the influence of the emperor cult in the Galilee, the similarities and differences between the Roman emperor cult and the New Testament evidence, the concept of universalism as understood by Roman and Christian authors, the notion of the divine judge, the ritual of proskynesis, and methodological problems in dealing with the emperor cult and the New Testament evidence. Several essays deal with specific passages from the gospels - the Son of David title, the controversy on paying taxes, Jesus and the emperors as miracle workers, the notion of conquering and victory in John, and Roman characters in the Gospel of John (the basilikos, the centurion, Pilate).