This book integrates a broad range of scientific disciplines, from geodynamics and tectonics to earthquake physics, geodesy and seismology. This holistic approach supports a detailed investigation of the deformation and seismicity associated with mountain building processes and fault activity in the Earth’s upper, brittle crust. New insights into these deformational processes on both earthquake cycle and geologic timescales are subsequently combined to improve our physical understanding of seismicity in mountain belts, which has a variety of potential applications in active tectonics studies and seismic hazard assessments.